Abeilles fouisseuses
Andrena spp.
Abeille
Entrée au niveau du genre pour les abeilles fouisseuses solitaires à nidification souterraine - l'un des genres d'abeilles les plus vastes d'Amérique du Nord, avec plusieurs centaines d'espèces sur le continent. Elles comptent parmi les premières abeilles à émerger au printemps, volant souvent alors que les températures sont encore fraîches, ce qui en fait des pollinisateurs clés des saules, érables et arbres fruitiers (pommiers, cerisiers, pruniers, poiriers) à floraison précoce, avant que la plupart des autres abeilles ne soient actives. Les femelles creusent des tunnels de nidification souterrains dans un sol bien drainé, souvent en denses agrégations, et approvisionnent chaque cellule en pollen et en nectar. Beaucoup d'Andrena sont généralistes, mais le genre comprend des spécialistes du pollen comme l'abeille des claytones (Andrena erigeniae), qui ne récolte du pollen que sur Claytonia virginica.
Conservation
Le genre dans son ensemble est vaste et n'est pas considéré comme menacé, mais la plupart des espèces individuelles d'Andrena ne font l'objet d'aucune évaluation formelle de conservation, et les spécialistes étroits du pollen peuvent être localement vulnérables lorsque leurs plantes hôtes déclinent. Aucun statut global IUCN ou liste rouge de la Xerces Society ne s'applique à l'ensemble du genre ; ne pas considérer les « abeilles fouisseuses » comme une unité de conservation unique.
Plan pour cette espèce
Ensemble de plantes adaptées à Chicago, IL : d'abord les plantes hôtes et spécialistes, puis les plantes à nectar, fruits, graines, feuillage et abri qui restent compatibles avec la lecture climatique actuelle et du milieu du siècle.
0 relations essentielles / 6 plantes de soutien
Liens hôte/spécialiste : 0
Liens fourrage/pollinisation : 6
Liens abri : 0
Rôles de relation : 3
Viorne à feuilles d'érable
De soutien / Plantes que cette espèce pollinise
Wikipedia names Andrenidae among the pollinators of this species. Andrena are spring-active ground-nesting bees whose flight period lines up with a late-spring viburnum bloom, and an open shallow cyme is precisely the flower they work. Documented at family level rather than species level, which is why the relationship is wired to the mining-bee group entry rather than to a named bee.
Géranium à grosses racines
De soutien / Plantes à nectar
Early-emerging solitary mining bees (Andrena) on the wing in late spring overlap the bloom and take nectar from the open flowers; this is opportunistic generalist foraging rather than a specialist tie.
Primevère commune (primevère acaule)
De soutien / Plantes à nectar
Early solitary mining bees work the flowers for nectar, an important resource at the very start of the season.
Verge d’or à tige bleue
De soutien / Plantes à pollen
Supports specialized (oligolectic) bees; goldenrods (Solidago) host a large guild of specialist bees at the genus level (NC State Extension; Wikipedia).
Aster de New York
De soutien / Plantes à pollen
Supports seven specialized (oligolectic) Andrena mining-bee species that collect aster pollen (NC State Extension).
Aster éricoïde
De soutien / Plantes à pollen
Supports seven specialized (oligolectic) Andrena mining-bee species, plus the specialist cellophane bee Colletes simulans, that collect aster pollen (NC State Extension).
Plantes du catalogue
Plantes que cette espèce pollinise · 1
Wikipedia names Andrenidae among the pollinators of this species. Andrena are spring-active ground-nesting bees whose flight period lines up with a late-spring viburnum bloom, and an open shallow cyme is precisely the flower they work. Documented at family level rather than species level, which is why the relationship is wired to the mining-bee group entry rather than to a named bee.
Plantes à nectar · 3
Solitary mining bees and other small bees forage nectar on the flowers, drawn by the abundant, long-lasting bloom on a warm, sheltered site.
Early-emerging solitary mining bees (Andrena) on the wing in late spring overlap the bloom and take nectar from the open flowers; this is opportunistic generalist foraging rather than a specialist tie.
Early solitary mining bees work the flowers for nectar, an important resource at the very start of the season.
Plantes à pollen · 42
Supports specialized (oligolectic) bees; goldenrods (Solidago) host a large guild of specialist bees at the genus level (NC State Extension; Wikipedia).
Supports seven specialized (oligolectic) Andrena mining-bee species that collect aster pollen (NC State Extension).
Supports seven specialized (oligolectic) Andrena mining-bee species, plus the specialist cellophane bee Colletes simulans, that collect aster pollen (NC State Extension).
Spring-emerging solitary mining bees are plausible visitors to the early flower spikes.
Solitary mining bees plausibly forage pollen from the shallow, exposed early-summer flowers.
NC State Extension notes the spring flowers attract bees and names native Andrena mining bees among the specialist visitors; Plotwright carries them at genus-group level, so the row is documented for pollen forage without claiming every mining bee specializes on violets.
Solitary mining bees collect pollen from the wide-open, pollen-rich flowers; like other bees they come for pollen rather than nectar, which this poppy barely provides.
Early-emerging solitary mining bees (Andrena) are well suited to visit the very early bloom for pollen.
Spring-flying mining bees (Andrena) are among the many early bees that gather dandelion pollen and nectar during its late-winter-to-spring bloom.
Early-emerging solitary mining bees (Andrena) visit open spring composites like the lawn daisy for pollen; the low, accessible flowers fit their spring foraging window.
Spring-flying solitary mining bees plausibly forage the accessible open flowers; inferred from flower form and bloom timing rather than a single named record.
Spring-flying solitary mining bees (Andrena) forage the accessible, open flowers; plausible from the flower form and bloom timing rather than a single named record.
Early-emerging ground-nesting mining bees forage the bare-twig blooms for pollen during their short spring flight.
Solitary mining bees work the densely packed florets of the blue globes for pollen and nectar alongside honey bees during the summer bloom.
Spring-emerging mining bees (Andrena) forage on the early flowers for pollen and nectar where ranges overlap; grape hyacinth is widely planted partly for this early-season bee value.
Andrena species are spring-active ground-nesting bees whose flight period coincides closely with a late-May dogwood bloom, and they are recognised visitors to shrub dogwoods generally. Recorded as plausible on the same basis as the sweat bees: the flower shape and the timing fit, but no source consulted for this record names Andrena on Cornus racemosa. Small carpenter bees (Ceratina) belong in the same sentence and have no entry in this wildlife catalog, so they are named here rather than wired as a relationship.
Early-emerging solitary mining bees (Andrena) work the accessible spring flowers for pollen; recorded as plausible rather than documented.
Répartition
Natives et largement répandues en Amérique du Nord, avec la plus grande diversité dans les régions tempérées ; des centaines d'espèces sont présentes du Canada aux États-Unis et jusqu'au Mexique.
Sources et citations
Citer cette page
Utilisez cette citation pour la fiche faune Plotwright. Utilisez les fiches de sources ci-dessous pour explorer les références ayant alimenté sa taxonomie, sa répartition, sa conservation, ses plantes hôtes, son alimentation et son habitat.
Plotwright. (n.d.). Abeilles fouisseuses (Andrena spp.). Retrieved 2026, August 20, from https://plotwright.com/wildlife/mining-bees
Sources utilisées pour cette fiche
Cette fiche est élaborée à partir des sources ci-dessous.
Wikipedia: Andrena
Genus reference for Andrena diversity, ground-nesting lifecycle, solitary/aggregated nesting, temperate distribution, host-plant specialists, and the genus-level status caveat.
GBIF: Andrena
GBIF backbone entry for the genus Andrena, corroborating genus-level taxonomy and its wide temperate occurrence range.
iNaturalist: Andrena
iNaturalist genus taxon page for Andrena, corroborating genus identity and observed North American range.
Xerces Society: Mining bees (Andrena) profile
Xerces Society Red List profile of a single Andrena mining bee documenting genus-typical ground-nesting biology and a species-level conservation assessment.