Abelhas mineiras
Andrena spp.
Abelha
Entrada em nível de gênero para as abelhas mineiras solitárias que nidificam no solo - um dos maiores gêneros de abelhas da América do Norte, com várias centenas de espécies no continente. Estão entre as primeiras abelhas a emergir na primavera, voando muitas vezes enquanto as temperaturas ainda estão frias, o que as torna polinizadoras essenciais de salgueiros, bordos e árvores frutíferas de floração precoce (macieira, cerejeira, ameixeira, pereira) antes que a maioria das outras abelhas esteja ativa. As fêmeas escavam túneis de ninho subterrâneos em solo bem drenado, frequentemente em agregações densas, e abastecem cada célula com pólen e néctar. Muitas Andrena são generalistas, mas o gênero inclui especialistas em pólen como a abelha-mineira-da-claytônia (Andrena erigeniae), que coleta pólen apenas de Claytonia virginica.
Conservação
O gênero como um todo é grande e não é avaliado como ameaçado, mas a maioria das espécies individuais de Andrena carece de avaliações formais de conservação, e os especialistas estritos em pólen podem ser localmente vulneráveis onde suas plantas hospedeiras declinam. Nenhum status da IUCN ou da Lista Vermelha da Xerces Society se aplica a todo o gênero; não interprete 'abelhas mineiras' como uma única unidade de conservação.
Plano para esta espécie
Conjunto de plantas adequado para Chicago, IL: primeiro plantas hospedeiras e especialistas, depois plantas de néctar, frutos, sementes, folhagem e abrigo que ainda se encaixam na leitura climática atual e de meados do século.
0 relações essenciais / 6 plantas de apoio
Relações hospedeiro/especialista: 0
Relações forrageio/polinização: 6
Relações de abrigo: 0
Papéis de relação: 3
Viburno-de-folha-de-bordo
De apoio / Plantas que esta espécie poliniza
Wikipedia names Andrenidae among the pollinators of this species. Andrena are spring-active ground-nesting bees whose flight period lines up with a late-spring viburnum bloom, and an open shallow cyme is precisely the flower they work. Documented at family level rather than species level, which is why the relationship is wired to the mining-bee group entry rather than to a named bee.
Gerânio-de-raiz-grande
De apoio / Plantas de néctar
Early-emerging solitary mining bees (Andrena) on the wing in late spring overlap the bloom and take nectar from the open flowers; this is opportunistic generalist foraging rather than a specialist tie.
Prímula-comum (primavera)
De apoio / Plantas de néctar
Early solitary mining bees work the flowers for nectar, an important resource at the very start of the season.
Vara-de-ouro de caule azul
De apoio / Plantas de pólen
Supports specialized (oligolectic) bees; goldenrods (Solidago) host a large guild of specialist bees at the genus level (NC State Extension; Wikipedia).
Áster de Nova Iorque
De apoio / Plantas de pólen
Supports seven specialized (oligolectic) Andrena mining-bee species that collect aster pollen (NC State Extension).
Áster-urze branco
De apoio / Plantas de pólen
Supports seven specialized (oligolectic) Andrena mining-bee species, plus the specialist cellophane bee Colletes simulans, that collect aster pollen (NC State Extension).
Plantas no catálogo
Plantas que esta espécie poliniza · 1
Wikipedia names Andrenidae among the pollinators of this species. Andrena are spring-active ground-nesting bees whose flight period lines up with a late-spring viburnum bloom, and an open shallow cyme is precisely the flower they work. Documented at family level rather than species level, which is why the relationship is wired to the mining-bee group entry rather than to a named bee.
Plantas de néctar · 3
Solitary mining bees and other small bees forage nectar on the flowers, drawn by the abundant, long-lasting bloom on a warm, sheltered site.
Early-emerging solitary mining bees (Andrena) on the wing in late spring overlap the bloom and take nectar from the open flowers; this is opportunistic generalist foraging rather than a specialist tie.
Early solitary mining bees work the flowers for nectar, an important resource at the very start of the season.
Plantas de pólen · 42
Supports specialized (oligolectic) bees; goldenrods (Solidago) host a large guild of specialist bees at the genus level (NC State Extension; Wikipedia).
Supports seven specialized (oligolectic) Andrena mining-bee species that collect aster pollen (NC State Extension).
Supports seven specialized (oligolectic) Andrena mining-bee species, plus the specialist cellophane bee Colletes simulans, that collect aster pollen (NC State Extension).
Spring-emerging solitary mining bees are plausible visitors to the early flower spikes.
Solitary mining bees plausibly forage pollen from the shallow, exposed early-summer flowers.
NC State Extension notes the spring flowers attract bees and names native Andrena mining bees among the specialist visitors; Plotwright carries them at genus-group level, so the row is documented for pollen forage without claiming every mining bee specializes on violets.
Solitary mining bees collect pollen from the wide-open, pollen-rich flowers; like other bees they come for pollen rather than nectar, which this poppy barely provides.
Early-emerging solitary mining bees (Andrena) are well suited to visit the very early bloom for pollen.
Spring-flying mining bees (Andrena) are among the many early bees that gather dandelion pollen and nectar during its late-winter-to-spring bloom.
Early-emerging solitary mining bees (Andrena) visit open spring composites like the lawn daisy for pollen; the low, accessible flowers fit their spring foraging window.
Spring-flying solitary mining bees plausibly forage the accessible open flowers; inferred from flower form and bloom timing rather than a single named record.
Spring-flying solitary mining bees (Andrena) forage the accessible, open flowers; plausible from the flower form and bloom timing rather than a single named record.
Early-emerging ground-nesting mining bees forage the bare-twig blooms for pollen during their short spring flight.
Solitary mining bees work the densely packed florets of the blue globes for pollen and nectar alongside honey bees during the summer bloom.
Spring-emerging mining bees (Andrena) forage on the early flowers for pollen and nectar where ranges overlap; grape hyacinth is widely planted partly for this early-season bee value.
Andrena species are spring-active ground-nesting bees whose flight period coincides closely with a late-May dogwood bloom, and they are recognised visitors to shrub dogwoods generally. Recorded as plausible on the same basis as the sweat bees: the flower shape and the timing fit, but no source consulted for this record names Andrena on Cornus racemosa. Small carpenter bees (Ceratina) belong in the same sentence and have no entry in this wildlife catalog, so they are named here rather than wired as a relationship.
Early-emerging solitary mining bees (Andrena) work the accessible spring flowers for pollen; recorded as plausible rather than documented.
Distribuição
Nativas e amplamente distribuídas por toda a América do Norte, com a maior diversidade em regiões temperadas; centenas de espécies ocorrem do Canadá, passando pelos Estados Unidos, até o México.
Fontes e citações
Citar esta página
Use esta citação para o registro de fauna do Plotwright. Use os cartões de fontes abaixo para explorar as referências que informaram sua taxonomia, distribuição, conservação, plantas hospedeiras, forrageamento e habitat.
Plotwright. (n.d.). Abelhas mineiras (Andrena spp.). Retrieved 2026, August 20, from https://plotwright.com/wildlife/mining-bees
Fontes usadas neste registro
Este registro foi compilado a partir das fontes abaixo.
Wikipedia: Andrena
Genus reference for Andrena diversity, ground-nesting lifecycle, solitary/aggregated nesting, temperate distribution, host-plant specialists, and the genus-level status caveat.
GBIF: Andrena
GBIF backbone entry for the genus Andrena, corroborating genus-level taxonomy and its wide temperate occurrence range.
iNaturalist: Andrena
iNaturalist genus taxon page for Andrena, corroborating genus identity and observed North American range.
Xerces Society: Mining bees (Andrena) profile
Xerces Society Red List profile of a single Andrena mining bee documenting genus-typical ground-nesting biology and a species-level conservation assessment.