Veja plantas jovens se tornarem estrutura madura

English lavender

Mounded woody subshrub

Purple coneflower

Clumping upright perennial

Genovese basil

Bushy tender annual herb

Switchgrass

Upright warm-season grass

Black-eyed Susan

Clumping daisy-form perennial

Annabelle hydrangea

Rounded deciduous shrub

Lacinato kale

Upright leafy biennial crop, typically grown as a cool-season annual

Coral bells

Low mounded foliage perennial

Common milkweed

Erect colony-forming native wildflower

Common sunflower

Fast, erect coarse annual

Fragrant plantain lily

Dense mounding herbaceous perennial

Highbush blueberry

Upright multi-stemmed deciduous shrub

Butterfly weed

Upright clump-forming native perennial

Scarlet bee balm

Upright spreading native perennial

New England aster

Tall upright native perennial

Wild columbine

Airy clumping native perennial

Stiff goldenrod

Upright clump-forming native perennial

Little bluestem

Upright clumping native warm-season grass

Big bluestem

Tall upright clumping native warm-season tallgrass

Winterberry

Multi-stemmed deciduous native shrub

Canadian serviceberry

Multi-stemmed small native tree

Christmas fern

Evergreen native fern with arching fronds

Common thyme

Low woody mounded herb

Garden phlox

Upright clumping perennial

Garden tomato

Sprawling or upright warm-season vegetable

Common yarrow

Spreading rhizomatous perennial with fine-textured foliage

Northern spicebush

Broad rounded multi-stemmed deciduous shrub

Wild bergamot

Clumping erect perennial with square stems and opposite leaves

Sweet Joe-Pye weed

Erect clump-forming perennial with whorled foliage

Eastern redbud

Small multi-trunked deciduous tree with broadly rounded crown

Common witch hazel

Erect multi-stemmed open spreading shrub or small understory tree

Woodland phlox

Low spreading clump-forming perennial that naturalizes by node-rooting stems

White oak

Broad rounded long-lived deciduous canopy tree with a strong central trunk

Northern red oak

Broad rounded fast-growing deciduous canopy tree

Red maple

Oval to pyramidal deciduous canopy tree with shallow surface root system

Sugar maple

Dense oval to rounded long-lived deciduous canopy tree with deep heavy shade

Tulip tree (yellow poplar)

Tall pyramidal-to-oval deciduous canopy tree with a straight central leader

Pawpaw

Small multi-stemmed pyramidal understory tree forming colonies via root suckers

Sassafras

Multi-stemmed pyramidal-to-irregular deciduous tree forming colonies via root suckers

Flowering dogwood

Small understory deciduous tree with distinctive horizontal layered branching

Southern magnolia

Large dense conical-to-pyramidal evergreen tree with low-sweeping branches

Black chokeberry

Multi-stemmed open-rounded suckering deciduous shrub

Blue false indigo

Clumping shrub-like perennial with deep taproot

Dense blazing star

Clumping erect single-stem perennial growing from a corm

Virginia bluebells

Spring-ephemeral clump-forming perennial that dies back to underground roots by midsummer

Swamp milkweed

Clumping erect perennial with lance-shaped opposite leaves

California poppy

Clumping mounded annual or short-lived perennial with finely dissected foliage

Garden pepper

Compact mounded erect annual vegetable

Common bean

Bush or climbing warm-season annual legume

Summer squash / zucchini

Sprawling or bushy warm-season annual vine

Cucumber

Climbing or sprawling warm-season annual vine with tendrils

Garden lettuce

Compact basal-rosette cool-season annual leafy green

Indian grass

Erect warm-season clumping bunchgrass

Summersweet (sweet pepperbush)

Multi-stemmed upright dense oval-to-rounded deciduous shrub

Mountain laurel

Multi-stemmed dense rounded evergreen shrub

Foxglove beardtongue

Clumping erect perennial with basal foliage and tall vertical flowering stems

Black tupelo (black gum)

Pyramidal-to-rounded long-lived deciduous canopy tree

Rosemary

Evergreen woody subshrub with needle-like aromatic foliage

American red raspberry

Suckering cane-forming deciduous bramble

Sweetbay magnolia

Multi-stemmed semi-evergreen deciduous tree (evergreen in zones 8+, deciduous in colder)

Southern live oak

Massive evergreen canopy tree with horizontally-spreading limbs

American sweetgum

Pyramidal-to-oval large deciduous canopy tree

American sycamore

Massive deciduous canopy tree with broad rounded crown

Shagbark hickory

Tall narrow long-lived deciduous canopy tree with distinctive shaggy bark

Paper birch

Slender pyramidal-to-oval deciduous canopy tree with peeling white bark

River birch

Multi-stemmed pyramidal-to-oval deciduous canopy tree with exfoliating salmon bark

Eastern white pine

Tall pyramidal-to-irregular evergreen coniferous tree

Vine maple

Multi-stemmed small understory deciduous tree or large shrub

Blackhaw viburnum

Multi-stemmed upright deciduous shrub or small tree

Arrowwood viburnum

Multi-stemmed upright spreading deciduous shrub

Virginia sweetspire

Multi-stemmed arching suckering deciduous shrub

Carolina allspice (sweetshrub)

Multi-stemmed rounded suckering deciduous shrub

Common ninebark

Multi-stemmed arching deciduous shrub with exfoliating bark

Red-osier dogwood

Multi-stemmed thicket-forming suckering deciduous shrub

Pinxter azalea

Multi-stemmed open-rounded deciduous shrub

Bearberry (kinnikinnick)

Prostrate creeping evergreen groundcover shrub

New Jersey tea

Compact rounded deciduous shrub with deep taproot

Oregon grape

Multi-stemmed upright evergreen broadleaf shrub

Salal

Multi-stemmed suckering evergreen broadleaf shrub

Western sword fern

Clumping evergreen fern with long arching pinnate fronds

Bloodroot

Spring-ephemeral clumping perennial that dies back to underground rhizomes by midsummer

Mayapple

Spring-ephemeral colonial perennial spreading by underground rhizomes

Foamflower

Clumping semi-evergreen woodland perennial with heart-shaped basal foliage

Wild ginger

Colonial creeping deciduous perennial with rhizomatous habit

Wild geranium

Clumping woodland perennial with palmately-lobed foliage

Indian pink

Clumping upright perennial with terminal flower clusters

Swamp sunflower

Tall erect perennial sunflower with narrow foliage

New York ironweed

Tall erect clump-forming perennial

Cutleaf coneflower

Tall erect rhizomatous perennial

Spotted Joe-Pye weed

Erect clumping perennial with whorled foliage

Canada goldenrod

Erect aggressively-rhizomatous perennial

White wood aster

Clumping woodland perennial with wiry stems

Smooth blue aster

Erect clumping perennial with smooth blue-green foliage

Threadleaf coreopsis

Clumping perennial with fine threadlike foliage

Aromatic aster

Mounded clumping perennial with aromatic foliage

Garden sage

Mounding gray-leaved Mediterranean subshrub

Oregano

Spreading mat-forming aromatic perennial herb

Spearmint

Aggressively rhizomatous spreading perennial herb

Chives

Clumping grass-like perennial onion-relative

Parsley

Low biennial Apiaceae rosette (grown as annual)

Carrot

Annual Apiaceae rosette grown for taproot

Garden pea

Annual climbing or bush legume

Garlic

Fall-planted Allium bulb harvested in summer

Onion

Annual Allium grown for bulb

Beet (and chard)

Annual root + leaf crop (same species used as beet or chard)

Wild strawberry

Low stoloniferous native groundcover with edible berries

Allegheny blackberry

Native thicket-forming biennial-caned thorny bramble

Fox grape

Vigorous climbing tendrilled native grape vine

Prairie dropseed

Clumping fine-textured native warm-season prairie grass

River oats

Native upright shade-tolerant grass with distinctive dangling seed heads

Side-oats grama

Clumping fine-leaved native warm-season prairie grass

Lady fern

Upright clumping deciduous temperate native fern

Ostrich fern

Tall vase-shaped rhizomatous native fern

Marginal wood fern

Vase-shaped evergreen leathery-leaved native fern

Northern maidenhair fern

Native fern with distinctive horizontal pinwheel fronds on black wiry stems

Blue flag iris

Clumping native wetland iris

Dwarf crested iris

Diminutive spreading native woodland iris

Hairy alumroot

Clumping native heuchera with velvety leaves + airy bloom panicles

American hazelnut

Rounded multi-stemmed deciduous suckering shrub

American persimmon

Medium-sized deciduous native tree with a rounded oval crown

American plum

Small suckering deciduous tree or thicket-forming shrub with a broad spreading crown

Blue grama

Low clumping native warm-season shortgrass

Common fig

Spreading deciduous shrub or small tree with bold lobed foliage

Pomegranate

Multi-stemmed deciduous shrub or small tree

Sea buckthorn

Large multi-stemmed thorny suckering deciduous shrub

American basswood

Medium-to-large deciduous native shade tree with an ovate-rounded crown

Black walnut

Large single-trunked deciduous shade tree with an oval to rounded crown

Borage

Rough, sprawling branched annual herb

Comfrey

Coarse upright tuberous-rooted clumping perennial

Eastern prickly pear

Low, semi-prostrate clump-forming native cactus that spreads by rooting pads

American elderberry

Suckering, somewhat sprawling multi-stemmed native shrub forming colonies

Fennel

Upright branching aromatic herbaceous perennial, usually grown as an annual

Globe artichoke

Upright clumping perennial vegetable with bold silver-green foliage

Golden currant

Upright, rhizomatous, multi-stemmed deciduous native shrub

Green hawthorn

Dense, rounded, largely spineless small deciduous flowering tree

Common olive

Evergreen Mediterranean tree with a rounded crown that gnarls with age

Pecan

Large deciduous lowland shade tree with a broad rounded crown

Red mulberry

Upright-spreading to rounded native deciduous shade tree

White clover

Low prostrate mat-forming perennial legume that roots at the stem nodes

Black willow

Fast-growing single- or multi-trunked deciduous tree with a spreading, rounded crown

Pussy willow

Large multi-stemmed deciduous native shrub

Quaking aspen

Medium-sized clonal deciduous tree with a narrow, rounded crown

Eastern cottonwood

Large fast-growing deciduous native bottomland tree with a broad open-rounded crown

Black cherry

Medium-to-large deciduous native shade tree with an oval-to-irregular crown

Chokecherry

Suckering, thicket-forming native large shrub or small tree

Common hackberry

Medium-to-large deciduous shade tree with upright-arching branches and a rounded spreading crown

Bur oak

Large deciduous shade tree with a broad, rounded crown

Sweet crabapple

Small deciduous native tree with a short, often crooked trunk and a broad, irregular, thorny crown

American hophornbeam

Small-to-medium deciduous understory tree with a generally rounded crown

Ponderosa pine

Large single-trunked evergreen conifer with an open conical crown

Douglas fir

Narrow pyramidal evergreen conifer, branching to the ground when young and becoming cylindrical with age

Oregon white oak

Slow-growing deciduous tree with a broad, rugged, rounded crown; often shrubby when young

Coast live oak

Broad-canopied evergreen tree with dense foliage and a short, often massive trunk

Western redbud

Multi-stemmed deciduous native large shrub or small tree with a rounded, spreading to vase form

Pacific dogwood

Small deciduous tree with horizontal tiered branching and a rounded-to-conical crown

Toyon

Large multi-stemmed evergreen chaparral shrub, occasionally tree-like

Blueblossom

Fast-growing billowing broadleaf-evergreen shrub

Common manzanita

Large evergreen chaparral shrub to small tree with crooked, spreading branches

Fremont cottonwood

Large fast-growing deciduous riparian shade tree with a broad open spreading crown

Blue elderberry

Large multi-stemmed native deciduous shrub to small tree

Firecracker penstemon

Slender upright flowering stalks above a low evergreen-ish basal rosette

California fuchsia

Slender, highly-branched western-native subshrub / woody perennial

Adam's needle

Virtually stemless evergreen basal rosette with tall summer flowering stalks

Soapweed yucca

Low evergreen rosette-forming native subshrub with a tall flowering stalk

Parry's agave

Rosette-forming evergreen succulent that suckers into a colony of rosettes

Russian sage

Woody-based upright clumping perennial subshrub with airy flowering panicles

Catmint

Low, spreading mounded clump of aromatic foliage

Autumn-joy stonecrop

Upright to slightly spreading clump-forming herbaceous perennial

Anise hyssop

Upright clump-forming herbaceous perennial of the mint family

Wild lupine

Erect clumping native herbaceous perennial legume

Common blue violet

Low clump-forming rhizomatous native woodland perennial

Short-toothed mountain mint

Clump-forming aromatic native perennial herb

Cardinal flower

Erect, clump-forming native herbaceous perennial with terminal flower spikes

Golden alexanders

Erect clump-forming native perennial forb

Blue vervain

Rough, clump-forming upright perennial branching above into candelabra-like flower spires

Boneset

Large, hairy, clump-forming native herbaceous perennial

Wild senna

Tall upright clumping native herbaceous perennial legume

Prairie smoke

Low rhizomatous native prairie perennial forming a soft, hairy groundcover mat

Apple

Deciduous fruiting orchard tree, size set by rootstock (dwarf to standard)

Sweet cherry

Single-trunked deciduous flowering and fruiting tree

European pear

Upright, pyramidal deciduous fruit tree

Jujube

Small droopy-branched, somewhat spiny deciduous tree or large shrub

Groundnut

Twining herbaceous tuberous perennial vine

Sunchoke

Tall, rhizomatous, colony-forming herbaceous perennial sunflower

Common hops

Herbaceous twining perennial vine that dies back to perennial roots each winter

Rhubarb

Clump-forming herbaceous perennial vegetable

Asparagus

Clump-forming herbaceous perennial from a crown; ferny summer top growth

Lemon balm

Bushy upright herbaceous perennial herb

Sweet corn

Tall upright warm-season annual grass

Potato

Bushy upright cool-season annual grown for underground tubers

Sweet potato

Trailing tender perennial vine grown as a warm-season annual

Spinach

Low cool-season annual leafy vegetable in a basal rosette

Cabbage

Low head-forming cool-season leaf vegetable grown as an annual

Broccoli

Upright cool-season annual vegetable with a single terminal head over a basal rosette of leaves

Radish

Fast cool-season annual root vegetable; bolts to an upright flowering stalk

Eggplant

Upright tender herbaceous perennial grown as a warm-season annual vegetable

Okra

Tall upright warm-season annual vegetable

Leek

Upright biennial onion-family vegetable grown as an annual, forming a fan of strap leaves above a blanched stalk

Celery

Upright clump of fleshy ribbed leaf stalks from a basal crown

Dill

Upright annual herb with stiff hollow stems and feathery foliage

Cilantro

Upright warm-season annual herb that bolts to a branched flowering stem

Bay laurel

Aromatic evergreen large shrub or small tree, pyramidal and easily kept pruned

French tarragon

Shrubby clumping rhizomatous culinary perennial herb

Sweet marjoram

Bushy upright-mounding aromatic sub-shrub

French marigold

Compact bushy warm-season annual

Common zinnia

Bushy upright branching warm-season annual

Petunia

Low mounding-to-spreading tender perennial grown as a warm-season bedding annual

Impatiens

Low succulent-stemmed mounding tender perennial grown as a shade annual

Zonal geranium

Shrubby mounding tender perennial grown as a bedding or container annual

Cosmos

Upright, airy warm-season annual with finely divided foliage

Nasturtium

Sprawling-to-climbing tender annual; dwarf-bushy or trailing/vining by type

Snapdragon

Upright spike-forming tender perennial, usually grown as a cool-season annual

Calendula (pot marigold)

Upright bushy cool-season annual herb

Sweet alyssum

Low mat-forming mound of well-branched stems

Pansy

Low mounding cool-season bedding plant, often run as an annual or biennial

Garden rose

Deciduous thorny flowering shrub

Peony

Erect, clump-forming herbaceous perennial

Daylily

Clump-forming herbaceous perennial with arching strap-like foliage and naked flowering scapes

Tulip

Upright spring-blooming bulb with a single flower per stem

Daffodil

Clump-forming bulbous perennial with leafless flowering stems above strap-shaped foliage

Shasta daisy

Upright clump-forming herbaceous perennial

Clematis

Deciduous twining large-flowered climbing vine

Bearded iris

Clump-forming rhizomatous herbaceous perennial with upright sword-shaped foliage

Common lilac

Upright, multi-stemmed, suckering deciduous shrub

Border forsythia

Upright, arching multi-stemmed deciduous shrub

Crape myrtle

Upright, multi-stemmed deciduous shrub or small tree

Japanese maple

Rounded deciduous small tree or large shrub with layered branching

Common boxwood

Dense rounded to broad-rounded evergreen shrub

Catawba rhododendron

Large rounded to spreading multi-stemmed broadleaf evergreen shrub

Japanese spirea

Dense, upright, mounded deciduous shrub

Garden strawberry

Low stoloniferous herbaceous perennial forming a mounding rosette

Peach

Small rounded deciduous fruit tree

Apricot

Small spreading deciduous fruit tree (dwarf to standard depending on rootstock)

European plum

Erect deciduous large shrub or small tree

Wine grape

Woody deciduous tendril-climbing vine, pruned to a trained framework

Watermelon

Sprawling prostrate annual vine

Cantaloupe

Trailing or climbing warm-season annual cucurbit vine

Lemon

Small thorny broadleaf-evergreen citrus tree

Pumpkin

Sprawling annual trailing vine with large lobed leaves and big yellow flowers

Cauliflower

Cool-season annual brassica forming a single central curd over a leaf rosette

Brussels sprouts

Single upright stem with sprouts forming in the leaf axils; grown as a cool-season annual

Collard greens

Upright cool-season leafy biennial grown as an annual, forming a non-heading leaf rosette on a stout stem

Arugula

Low cool-season annual leafy vegetable in a basal rosette

Bok choy

Low non-heading cool-season leaf vegetable grown as an annual

Turnip

Cool-season annual root vegetable with a leafy basal rosette over a swollen storage root

Parsnip

Cool-season biennial root vegetable grown as an annual; first-year leafy rosette over a long taproot

Ginger

Clumping tropical herbaceous perennial with reed-like pseudostems rising from an aromatic rhizome

Turmeric

Clumping tropical rhizomatous herbaceous perennial

Dahlia

Upright tuberous-rooted herbaceous perennial, often grown as a summer annual

Gladiolus

Upright corm-grown perennial with sword-shaped leaf fans and one-sided flower spikes

Common hyacinth

Low spring-flowering bulb with a single dense flower spike over basal strap-shaped leaves

Dutch crocus

Low spring-blooming corm (bulbous geophyte) with grassy leaves

Asiatic lily

Upright bulbous perennial on rigid, unbranched stems

Garden mum

Compact, clump-forming herbaceous perennial mound

Lantana

Upright frost-tender broadleaf evergreen shrub, grown as an annual in cold climates

Annual vinca

Mounding to spreading tender perennial grown as a warm-season annual

Morning glory

Fast-growing twining annual climbing vine

Hollyhock

Tall, upright, short-lived perennial with rigid unbranched flowering spires

Bleeding heart

Mounded, arching herbaceous perennial that goes summer-dormant

Wax begonia

Compact mounding tender perennial grown as a warm-season bedding annual

Sweet pea

Cool-weather annual; bushy mounding or tendril-climbing vine on support

Coleus

Mounding tender tropical foliage perennial, grown as a warm-season annual outside its hardiness range

Camellia

Upright broadleaf evergreen flowering shrub

Gardenia

Rounded broadleaf-evergreen shrub with glossy dark-green foliage

American holly

Upright, pyramidal native broadleaf evergreen tree

Eastern red cedar

Broadly conical to columnar evergreen coniferous tree

American arborvitae

Dense conical to narrow-pyramidal single-trunked evergreen tree

Bald cypress

Large pyramidal deciduous conifer with a buttressed base

Ginkgo

Large deciduous shade tree, pyramidal when young and broadening with age

Weeping willow

Large deciduous tree with a broad-rounded weeping crown of branches sweeping to the ground

Rose of Sharon

Vigorous upright vase-shaped multi-stemmed deciduous shrub

Sweet orange

Small rounded broadleaf-evergreen subtropical fruit tree

Key lime

Vigorous small evergreen tree to large shrub

Grapefruit

Rounded, spreading broadleaf-evergreen citrus tree with thorny twigs

Kiwifruit

Vigorous deciduous woody climbing vine, trained on a sturdy trellis or arbor

Avocado

Multi-stemmed frost-tender broadleaf evergreen tree

Asian persimmon

Deciduous tree with a rounded, spreading crown

Quince

Multi-stemmed deciduous small tree or large shrub with crooked branches

Maypop (purple passionflower)

Fast-growing tendril-climbing native vine, woody in mild winters and herbaceous in cold ones

Ramps

Low colonial spring-ephemeral woodland perennial from a bulb

Common camas

Erect spring-flowering native bulb with basal grass-like foliage

Beach plum

Low, rounded, densely branching deciduous coastal shrub

Ground cherry

Low, branching, sprawling annual (tender perennial where frost-free)

Honey locust

Large deciduous native shade tree with a rounded, spreading crown

Yoshino cherry

Deciduous flowering tree with a spreading, broad-rounded, open crown

Peppermint

Rhizomatous, upright herbaceous perennial herb spreading into a ground cover

German chamomile

Upright, branching aromatic annual herb

Lovage

Tall, imposing clump-forming herbaceous perennial herb

Garden sorrel

Clump-forming herbaceous perennial herb with a basal leaf rosette

Summer savory

Erect, multi-stemmed bushy annual aromatic herb

Salad burnet

Low mounding herbaceous perennial herb in a basal rosette

Stevia

Tender perennial herb with weak, floppy stems, grown as an annual in most climates

Chervil

Erect, spreading, fine-textured cool-season annual culinary herb

Kohlrabi

Low, compact cool-season annual vegetable with a swollen edible stem

Edamame (soybean)

Columnar, dense, multi-stemmed mounding warm-season annual legume

Fava bean

Stiffly erect cool-season annual legume

Rutabaga

Spreading, slow-growing cool-weather biennial root crop grown as an annual

Mustard greens

Erect, fast-growing cool-season annual leaf vegetable

Endive

Erect, rapid-growing cool-season leafy annual forming a low rosette

Celeriac

Cool-season biennial root vegetable grown as an annual, forming a first-year rosette over a swollen root

Tall verbena

Erect, open, see-through clump of thin wiry flowering stems

Oakleaf hydrangea

Upright, multi-stemmed deciduous shrub

Bigleaf hydrangea

Rounded, mounded, woody deciduous flowering shrub

Hardy hibiscus

Upright, clump-forming herbaceous perennial with a woody base

Garden salvia

Erect, clump-forming, multi-stemmed aromatic perennial

Sweet William

Dense, erect, rounded clump of leafy flowering stems

Lily of the valley

Low, spreading rhizomatous perennial groundcover

Lamb's ear

Low, mat-forming clump of woolly silver foliage in basal rosettes

Common foxglove

Upright biennial or short-lived perennial forming a basal rosette the first year and a tall flowering spike the second

Moss rose

Low, prostrate to slightly ascending succulent annual forming a moss-like mat

Moss phlox

Low creeping mat-forming groundcover

Common blanketflower

Clumping, mounding, rounded perennial with upright bloom stems above a basal rosette

Allegheny spurge

Low spreading rhizomatous semi-evergreen woodland perennial

Flowering raspberry

Erect, suckering deciduous shrub forming spreading colonies

Creeping mahonia

Low spreading evergreen groundcover shrub

Piedmont azalea

Tall, erect, open multi-stemmed deciduous native azalea

Firecracker blanketflower

Erect, clumping warm-season annual

Longleaf pine

Large, slow-establishing fire-adapted conifer with an open, tufted crown

Eastern hemlock

Large evergreen conifer with a dense pyramidal-to-conical crown and arching, feathery lower branches

Littleleaf linden

Deciduous shade tree with an erect trunk and a dense, symmetrical pyramidal-to-oval crown

Chinese redbud

Dense, erect, multi-stemmed deciduous large shrub or small tree

Fern-leaf yarrow

Upright clumping perennial with stiff bloom stems above ferny foliage

Hardy fuchsia

Arching, rounded, spreading deciduous shrub (often dies to the ground in cold winters)

Indian shot

Erect, clumping rhizomatous tropical perennial with broad paddle-shaped leaves

White ash

Large oval to rounded deciduous canopy tree

Carnation

Erect, loosely tufted short-lived perennial with slender flowering stems rising from a low mound of grassy blue-gray foliage

Sweet mock-orange

Large arching, dense, multi-stemmed deciduous shrub of upright-oval form

Chinese hibiscus

Erect, bushy evergreen tropical flowering shrub

Oleander

Clumping, erect, rounded broadleaf-evergreen shrub

Japanese andromeda

Dense, upright-to-rounded spreading broadleaf evergreen shrub

Japanese anemone

Clumping, erect perennial that mounds with basal foliage and sends up tall bloom stems, spreading slowly by rhizomes

Bird of paradise

Clumping, multi-stemmed evergreen perennial

Panicle hydrangea

Large arching, multi-stemmed deciduous shrub, often vase-shaped, sometimes trained as a small tree

Flossflower

Compact mounding, clumping warm-season annual

African marigold

Erect, clumping-to-mounding warm-season annual

Orange daylily

Clumping, arching herbaceous perennial spreading aggressively by rhizomes

Wild daffodil

Clumping erect spring bulb

Calla lily

Clumping, erect rhizomatous perennial with arrow-shaped foliage

Swiss cheese plant

Climbing epiphytic tropical aroid

Golden pothos

Vigorous evergreen climbing and trailing tropical vine

Poinsettia

Erect, open, multi-stemmed tropical shrub (sold as a compact potted plant)

Rugosa rose

Dense, erect, multi-stemmed, suckering thorny deciduous shrub

Japanese barberry

Dense, mounding, rounded thorny deciduous shrub

Fullmoon maple

Rounded, spreading small deciduous tree

Horse chestnut

Large erect, oval-to-rounded deciduous shade tree

Norway spruce

Large, fast-growing evergreen conifer with a broadly pyramidal crown and pendulous, drooping branchlets

Sour cherry

Rounded, spreading small deciduous fruit tree

Weeping fig

Large weeping, rounded tropical tree; grown as an indoor tree elsewhere

Fiddle-leaf fig

Erect tropical evergreen tree, usually grown as an indoor or container plant

Bougainvillea

Sprawling, climbing thorny tropical woody vine (kept as a shrub, hedge, or container plant)

Banana

Giant clumping herbaceous perennial with a pseudostem

Habanero pepper

Erect, bushy warm-season annual (tender tropical perennial in frost-free climates)

Chicory

Erect, wiry-stemmed taprooted perennial

Rubber plant

Erect, spreading evergreen tropical fig (tree outdoors; kept small as a houseplant)

Butterfly bush

Arching, multi-stemmed deciduous shrub

English walnut

Large rounded, spreading deciduous nut and shade tree

Deodar cedar

Large pyramidal evergreen conifer with a nodding leader and gracefully drooping, weeping branch tips

Common oat

Erect cool-season annual cereal grass

New Guinea impatiens

Mounding tender perennial grown as a warm-season annual

Japanese honeysuckle

Vigorous semi-evergreen twining woody vine

Callery pear

Pyramidal-to-rounded deciduous flowering tree

Giant white bird of paradise

Giant clumping, erect evergreen tropical foliage perennial

Silver linden

Large deciduous shade tree with a dense, symmetrical pyramidal-to-oval crown

California bay laurel

Dense, rounded aromatic broadleaf evergreen tree (multi-stemmed and shrubby on harsh sites)

Chinese wisteria

Vigorous, twining woody climbing vine

Kudzu

Extremely vigorous semi-woody climbing and twining perennial vine

Field bindweed

Low twining and creeping herbaceous perennial vine

Broadleaf plantain

Prostrate basal rosette of broad ribbed leaves with erect flower spikes

Dandelion

Prostrate basal rosette with hollow flower stalks over a deep taproot (introduced herbaceous perennial)

Ribwort plantain

Low perennial rosette with erect ribbed flower spikes

American chestnut

Large broad, dense, spreading deciduous hardwood (historically to 100 feet)

Venus flytrap

Clumping low rosette of hinged snap-traps (carnivorous herbaceous perennial)

Florida torreya

Slow-growing pyramidal evergreen conifer with sharp, pungent needles; critically endangered in the wild

Red horse chestnut

Medium deciduous flowering shade tree with a dense, pyramidal-to-rounded crown

Thanksgiving cactus

Arching, weeping epiphytic holiday cactus grown as a houseplant

London plane

Very large deciduous shade tree, pyramidal in youth becoming open and spreading

Bigleaf mahogany

Very large spreading, rounded tropical timber tree (100-150 ft); CITES Appendix II, frost-tender

Sausage tree

Large spreading, rounded-crowned tropical shade tree (30-60 feet)

Round kumquat

Dense, rounded small evergreen citrus tree or shrub

Korean velvet grass

Low mounding, stoloniferous warm-season turfgrass/groundcover

Blackberry

Vigorous arching, thicket-forming thorny bramble

American germander

Erect, rhizomatous, colony-forming herbaceous perennial

Prairie ironweed

Erect, clumping tall herbaceous prairie perennial (3-6 ft)

Rose-scented geranium

Bushy, mounding tender evergreen subshrub grown for its rose-scented foliage

Passion fruit

Vigorous evergreen tendril-climbing vine

Texas bluebonnet

Low mounding winter/spring annual legume

Tasmanian blue gum

Very large, very fast evergreen tree — erect and open, 90-150+ ft, with peeling bark and aromatic blue-green foliage

White rose

Upright to arching, fragrant, once-blooming Old Garden (alba) shrub rose

Christmas cactus

Arching, weeping epiphytic holiday cactus grown as a houseplant

Pin oak

Large vase-to-pyramidal deciduous red oak with drooping lower limbs

Shumard oak

Large deciduous red oak, broad-pyramidal in youth becoming open and rounded

Scarlet oak

Large open high-branched deciduous red-oak with a pyramidal-to-rounded crown

American elm

Large vase-shaped deciduous shade tree with high-arching spreading limbs

Sweet birch

Medium-large deciduous birch, pyramidal in youth becoming rounded and spreading, with non-peeling dark cherry-like bark

Pignut hickory

Large open oval-to-rounded long-lived deciduous canopy hickory

European beech

Large domed deciduous shade tree (or dense formal hedge) with smooth grey bark and marcescent young foliage

European hornbeam

Medium domed deciduous tree with a fluted grey trunk and a dense, twiggy crown

Field maple

Small-to-medium rounded deciduous maple with corky-winged twigs

Sycamore maple

Large, fast-growing deciduous maple with a broad domed crown

European silver fir

Very large narrowly conical evergreen conifer, broadening with age, a montane forest tree

Silver birch

Slender, fast-growing deciduous pioneer tree with white peeling bark and weeping branchlets

Rowan

Small-to-medium deciduous tree with ascending branches, ferny pinnate leaves, flat creamy spring flower heads, and dense clusters of orange-red autumn berries

Strawberry tree

Evergreen shrub or small tree with dark glossy leaves, shredding red-brown bark, and white urn-shaped flowers borne alongside red warty strawberry-like fruit in autumn; drought- and lime-tolerant but only moderately cold-hardy and disliking waterlogging.

Grey-leaved cistus

Evergreen Mediterranean rockrose with soft grey-felted (whitish) leaves and large, papery, crumpled pink flowers through spring and early summer, each lasting a single day. A superb drought-, heat- and poor-soil shrub for full sun and sharp drainage — its whole reason for being is hot, dry, lean sites — but it is short-lived, resents wet, cold, or rich soils, and is fire-adapted (Mediterranean maquis). Do not pamper it; grown for its flowers and grey foliage, not fruit, and the dry seed capsules and foliage are not edible.

French lavender

Compact evergreen aromatic subshrub with narrow grey-green foliage and dense dark-purple flower spikes topped by tufts of showy violet "rabbit-ear" bracts. It demands full sun and sharp drainage, is drought-tolerant once established, but is less cold-hardy than English lavender and short-lived on heavy or wet soil; it self-seeds readily and is recorded as invasive in some Mediterranean-climate regions, so deadhead and site it responsibly.

Laurustinus

Dense, rounded evergreen shrub with dark glossy leaves, forming flat heads of white flowers from pink buds across late autumn, winter, and early spring, followed by metallic blue-black berries. Holds its leaves to the ground, making it a strong screen or hedge. Note the load-bearing cautions: the berries are mildly toxic to people in quantity, and the shrub can suffer viburnum beetle and leaf spot.

European spindle

Deciduous hedgerow shrub or small tree, upright and twiggy, grown above all for its spectacular autumn show of rosy-pink four-lobed fruit capsules that split to reveal vivid orange-coated seeds against red-purple foliage. Honesty note: every part is toxic if eaten, the fruit especially so — site it away from where children might be tempted. It is also a primary winter host of the black bean aphid, so avoid planting it right beside a vegetable plot. Those caveats aside, it is a tough, wildlife-rich European native for hedgerows and informal screens.

Cornelian cherry

Deciduous large shrub or small tree, often multi-stemmed, that can be grown as a broad shrub or limbed up into a small tree. Exceptionally tough and adaptable: tolerates most soils including chalk, plus shade and cold. Its very early bloom is genuinely valuable to emerging pollinators, and the tart fruit is edible — used for syrups, preserves and liqueurs once fully ripe and soft. Insect-pollinated by early bees; the fruit is also taken by birds.

Black elder

Vigorous deciduous shrub with pinnate leaves, broad flat creamy-white flower umbels in early summer, and drooping clusters of small black berries in late summer. The flowers and cooked ripe berries are edible and much-used, but the raw berries, leaves, bark, stems and roots are toxic (cyanogenic glycosides) — berries must be cooked and never eaten raw or unripe. A fast, tough plant that can sucker and seed about.

Common snowdrop

Small late-winter bulb forming a low tuft of grey-green strappy leaves, each stem carrying a single nodding white flower whose inner segments are green-tipped — one of the very first blooms of the year. It is the classic naturalising woodland and grass bulb, slowly building into drifts where left undisturbed. Honest caution: all parts are mildly toxic if eaten (it contains galanthamine and lectins), which also makes it largely deer- and rodent-proof. It needs moisture while in growth, then tolerates summer shade under deciduous trees. Insect-pollinated and a valuable nectar and pollen source for the first bees of late winter.

Poet's daffodil

Clumping erect late-spring bulb

Christmas rose

Evergreen, clump-forming woodland perennial with leathery dark leaves and large white winter flowers; all parts toxic if eaten

European columbine

Airy clump-forming perennial with ferny blue-green foliage and nodding spurred flowers

Cowslip

A clump-forming spring meadow perennial that builds rosettes of crinkled, tongue-shaped leaves, from which rise slender stems bearing one-sided clusters of nodding, fragrant, deep-yellow tubular flowers marked with orange in the throat. It is a classic grassland/meadow wildflower, excellent for naturalising in unimproved grass — once common but much reduced in the wild by agricultural intensification, so a genuinely good plant to give back to a meadow. Unusually for this group the flowers and young leaves are EDIBLE and traditionally used (cowslip wine, salads), so it is treated as parts-edible rather than toxic. It is distylous (pin/thrum) and sets seed best with more than one plant nearby. Insect-pollinated: early nectar for long-tongued bees and a larval food plant for some moths.

Ivy-leaved cyclamen

Low autumn-flowering tuberous perennial (geophyte) with silver-marbled, ivy-shaped winter foliage and a long summer dormancy. The best hardy cyclamen for naturalising in dry shade under trees and shrubs, spreading into long-lived colonies by self-sown seed. The tubers are toxic if eaten (saponins) — grown for ornament only. Plant the tuber shallowly and leave it undisturbed; it resents deep planting and summer wet.

Glory tree

Evergreen tropical flowering tree (Melastomataceae), fast-growing but brittle-wooded, with a rounded crown of glossy ribbed leaves; frost-tender (USDA zone 10+); accepted name Pleroma granulosum

Paraná pine

Huge evergreen conifer with the classic candelabra form: a tall bare trunk crowned by upswept whorled branches and stiff, sharply pointed leaves. It is dioecious — separate male and female trees, so two are needed for seed. Slow, very long-lived, wind-pollinated, and demanding space and a cool-subtropical highland climate. HONESTY: a Critically Endangered (IUCN) keystone of southern Brazil's heavily logged Araucaria forest, and a true conservation-notable species.

Cockspur coral tree

Deciduous small tree or large shrub with arching, sparsely-thorny branches that carry dramatic terminal sprays of waxy deep-red pea-flowers through the warm season. It is a tough, frost-hardy-to-the-roots subtropical tree — it can resprout after a light freeze (roughly zone 8b and up) and tolerates wet ground. The branches bear scattered thorns, so site it away from paths. The seeds and bark contain toxic erythrina alkaloids and must not be eaten. In its native range the flowers are pollinated by perching birds and hummingbirds, not bees.

Pride of Barbados

Fast-growing semi-evergreen shrub or small tree with ferny bipinnate foliage and showy flower crests; bears small prickles

Pink trumpet tree

Large, fast-growing, semi-deciduous tropical flowering tree with a broad rounded crown — frost-tender (USDA 10a-11b), deep-rooted and fairly drought-tolerant once established

Paper flower

Vigorous evergreen thorny woody climber from Brazil — frost-tender, drought-tolerant, and grown for its papery bracts (kept as a mounding shrub when pruned); armed with sharp thorns and an irritant sap, ornamental only

Angel's trumpet

Large, fast-growing soft-wooded shrub or small tree carrying enormous (up to 12-inch) pendulous, night-fragrant white-to-blush trumpet flowers; frost-tender and thirsty in warmth, and HIGHLY TOXIC in every part.

Pineapple

Frost-tender terrestrial bromeliad forming a low rosette of stiff, often spiny-margined sword-shaped leaves with a single central fruiting stem — a slow tropical edible crop (USDA 10a-11b), self-incompatible clones setting seedless fruit

Guava

Evergreen large shrub or small tree with smooth, mottled, peeling bark, prominently veined leaves, and white flowers followed by fragrant, vitamin-C-rich edible fruit (the goiaba). Easy, fast and productive in warm climates (roughly zone 9b and warmer), with delicious edible fruit — but load-bearing caution: it is a serious INVASIVE WEED in many tropical regions (Hawaii, the Pacific, parts of Africa and Australia), spread by fruit-eating animals, so plant it responsibly and never where it can escape into native habitat. Frost-tender; insect-pollinated by bees.

Papaya

Fast-growing, short-lived, single-stemmed tree-like herb topped by a crown of large, deeply-lobed leaves, with melon-like fruit borne against the trunk — extremely fast (it can fruit within a year) but short-lived and frost-tender (roughly USDA zone 10a-11b). It is usually dioecious, so a female plus a male (or a hermaphrodite form) is needed to set fruit. The ripe fruit is edible; the unripe fruit and all green parts ooze a white papain latex that can irritate skin and should not be eaten raw.

Cacao

Small evergreen understory rainforest tree, cauliflorous — tiny flowers and the large ridged pods are borne directly on the trunk and main branches. HONESTY: this is the chocolate tree and it is genuinely demanding. It needs deep humid tropical warmth plus overhead shade and is very frost-tender (roughly zone 11+), failing below about 50F — a greenhouse/tropical-only plant in most of the world. The seeds inside the pods (cocoa beans) are food only after fermenting, drying, and roasting, so it is edible-with-prep, though the sweet white pulp around the seeds is eaten fresh in the tropics. Pollinated by tiny midges, not bees.

Blue passionflower

Vigorous semi-evergreen tendril climber with deeply-lobed leaves and intricate, unmistakable flowers — white-to-pale-blue petals beneath a crown of blue-and-purple-banded filaments — followed by egg-shaped orange fruit. By far the hardiest common passionflower, root-hardy to roughly zone 6b/7 and resprouting from the base after a freeze, and very vigorous: in mild climates it can become weedy or invasive, suckering and self-seeding, so give it room and cut it back. The ripe orange fruit is edible but bland and insipid and is NOT the commercial passion fruit; the leaves and unripe fruit contain cyanogenic compounds, so only the ripe pulp is edible. Pollinated by large bees.

Cassava

Fast-growing woody shrub with palmately-lobed leaves on often red-tinged, jointed stems, grown for its swollen starchy storage roots — cassava / mandioca, a global staple. It is frost-tender (roughly USDA 9b and up) and drought-tolerant once established. HONESTY (load-bearing): one of the most important food crops of the tropics, but the raw roots AND leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin) and are TOXIC if eaten raw or under-processed — they must be peeled and properly cooked (and bitter varieties soaked and/or fermented) to drive off the cyanide before eating.

Gloxinia

Low, tuberous tropical perennial (Gesneriaceae) forming a velvety-leaved rosette topped by large bell-shaped flowers — very frost-tender (hardy in the ground only in roughly USDA zone 11+), dying back to a dormant tuber after flowering; grown as an inedible ornamental pot or houseplant