Sulaiman Range alpine meadows
Sulaiman Range alpine meadows
The Sulaiman Range alpine meadows ecoregion follows the higher ridges of the Sulaiman Mountains, a southerly extension of the Hindu Kush along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, sitting at an average elevation of around 2,210 meters. Despite the "meadows" name, much of the terrain is bare ground or sparse alpine steppe, with scattered bunch grasses and cushion plants of the genera Onobrychis and Acantholimon (prickly thrift); surviving forest patches in gullies hold oaks and other Fagaceae, oleander (Nerium), and Afghan ash (Fraxinus xanthoxyloides), along with rare stands of Chilghoza pine and ancient juniper woodland. The climate is harsh and arid, with precipitation rarely exceeding 225 mm a year and cold, dry winters contrasting with hot summers. The range is rich in endemism and shelters mountain wild goats and sheep such as markhor, Sindh ibex, and urial, alongside leopards and brown bears, yet very little of it is formally protected. For gardeners in cold, dry climates, the native Acantholimon (prickly thrift) is a familiar cushion-forming alpine ornamental.
RESOLVE 766
Palearctic
9,218 sq mi
Montane Grasslands & Shrublands
Landscape type
Montane Grasslands & Shrublands
Plant region
Palearctic
Region footprint
9,218 sq mi
Habitat pressure
Nature Imperiled (Dinerstein NNH 4)
Source & care
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Use this as the broad planting pattern for the region: High-elevation grasslands, meadows, and shrublands above the treeline or in mountain basins, including alpine and páramo systems. Cool temperatures, intense sunlight, and specialized, often endemic flora characterize them. For garden decisions, pair that context with the plant list below, then narrow by your site's light, water, soil, and mature-size constraints.
°C
°F
Plants that can handle this region
A climate-fit shortlist from Plotwright's catalog. Start with the reliable fits, then use each plant page to check light, water, soil, mature size, and local availability.
Showing 568 of 568 climate-fit plants for this region.
Reliable climate fits
Good bets for now and later
545 plants
These plants fit the region today and stay within range under the mid-century projection. Start here when you want choices with the least climate regret.
Good now, not later
Good now, less certain later
23 plants
These plants fit the region as it is today. The projection moves them outside their listed range, so treat them as shorter-horizon or higher-care choices.
Range & origins
Marker placed inside the RESOLVE 2017 polygon at 31.1°N, 67.5°E.
Region through time
Modern footprint
RESOLVE 2017 maps 9,218 sq mi
This boundary is a modern ecological footprint for Sulaiman Range alpine meadows, not a permanent line on the planet. It is useful for today's plant and wildlife context because it follows recurring vegetation, climate, landform, and disturbance patterns.
Why here
montane grasslands & shrublands conditions
The region sits in the Palearctic realm and is classed as montane grasslands & shrublands. Elevation, moisture, fire, soils, coasts, and human land use can all make the real landscape more varied than a single map color suggests.
Change pressure
Nature Imperiled
Plotwright shows this as the current RESOLVE footprint. Over decades to centuries, warming, disturbance, invasive species, land use, and restoration can move the living edge of a region even when the reference map stays fixed.
Climate zones
Current zone range (2011–2040)
7b-9a
Plotwright
Typical winter conditions sampled across this ecoregion.
Projected (2041–2070)
7b-9a
Plotwright
Where the winter climate trajectory points by mid-century.
In plain terms: Coldest winter nights across this ecoregion typically range from 5°F to 25°F.
Heat zones
Loading AHS heat-zone data for this region marker point...
Average warming this ecoregion is on track for: +2.5°F by mid-century. Current-trajectory scenario · climate data sampled across 14 of 14 points inside this ecoregion.
Planting collections
Finished planting recipes where every member can handle this region's climate range. The fit badge uses the collection's most sensitive plant, so a resilient collection is a safer starting point than any single standout.


Climate-resilient · 2 plants
Bright shade foundation
A part-shade planting with shrub structure and low foliage contrast.
Annabelle hydrangea
Coral bells
+2
Annabelle hydrangea
Coral bells




+4
Climate-resilient · 8 plants
Climate-resilient natives for warming zones (eastern NA)
A pollinator-supporting palette of eastern North American natives with broad hardiness ranges and wide native distributions. Built for gardeners who want a planting that can handle warming zones without giving up wildlife value.
Switchgrass
Little bluestem
Common milkweed
Orange coneflower
Wild bergamot
Sweet Joe-Pye weed
Cutleaf coneflower
New England aster
+8
Switchgrass
Little bluestem
Common milkweed
Orange coneflower
Wild bergamot
Sweet Joe-Pye weed
Cutleaf coneflower
New England aster




+5
Climate-resilient · 9 plants
Native pollinator border (eastern US)
A continuous-bloom native pollinator strip for eastern North America. Covers spring through frost with host + nectar plants spanning monarchs, native bees, hummingbirds, and specialist Lepidoptera. Little bluestem provides the matrix grass + Hesperiidae host.
Butterfly weed
Common milkweed
Purple coneflower
Wild bergamot
Scarlet bee balm
Little bluestem
Sweet Joe-Pye weed
Swamp sunflower
Smooth blue aster
+9
Butterfly weed
Common milkweed
Purple coneflower
Wild bergamot
Scarlet bee balm
Little bluestem
Sweet Joe-Pye weed
Swamp sunflower
Smooth blue aster




+2
Climate-resilient · 6 plants
Part-shade woodland edge
A part-shade / bright-shade planting for morning sun or dappled light - eastern North American woodland-edge natives with spring bloom, season-long foliage, and a fern + shrub structure.
Oakleaf hydrangea
Woodland phlox
Wild columbine
Foamflower
Hairy alumroot
Christmas fern
+6
Oakleaf hydrangea
Woodland phlox
Wild columbine
Foamflower
Hairy alumroot
Christmas fern




Climate-resilient · 4 plants
Sunny pollinator border
A durable sunny border with summer bloom, seedheads, and upright winter texture.
English lavender
Purple coneflower
Orange coneflower
Switchgrass
+4
English lavender
Purple coneflower
Orange coneflower
Switchgrass
Starter kits for this region
Generated from catalog plants that already pass this region's climate fit gate, with native matches sorted first when the catalog has enough coverage.
Sunny pollinator border
A sunny, wildlife-forward planting assembled from plants that pass this region fit gate.
Native fit: 0/6
Climate resilient: 6/6
Wildlife links: 15
Host/specialist links: 4
Forage/pollination links: 16
Shelter links: 1
AD
AF
AF
AL
AM
AM
Shade-edge planting
A softer edge kit for woodland margins, porches, and mixed-light garden edges.
Native fit: 0/6
Climate resilient: 6/6
Wildlife links: 14
Host/specialist links: 4
Forage/pollination links: 16
Shelter links: 1
AD
AF
AL
AL
AM
AM
Resilient shrub layer
A woody structure layer led by plants that fit both current and projected regional conditions.
Native fit: 0/6
Climate resilient: 6/6
Wildlife links: 13
Host/specialist links: 4
Forage/pollination links: 17
Shelter links: 1
AD
AL
AM
AM
AM
AM
Similar planting regions
Browse other regions in the same biome. Their plant lists can suggest species and combinations worth comparing.

RESOLVE 749 - Palearctic
Altai alpine meadow and tundra
The Altai alpine meadow and tundra ecoregion crowns the high Altai Mountains where the borders of Russia, Kazakhstan, China, and Mongolia meet, sitting above the conifer treeline in Central Asia's northernmost ranges. Above the treeline, low-alpine meadows mix grasses such as Stipa feather grass and clumping Festuca with herbaceous wildflowers, dwarf birch (Betula rotundifolia) in wetter northern areas, and sedge-meadows of Kobresia and Carex, giving way to sparse moss, lichen, and creeping cushion plants on the highest plateaus. The climate has a distinctly arctic character, with brief temperate summers, extreme cold winters, and a tundra-like regime where no month averages above 10 degrees Celsius. The ecoregion supports apex predators including snow leopards, lynx, gray wolves, and wolverines, with the vulnerable Altai argali wild sheep serving as a flagship species. Higher slopes also host hardy ornamental and medicinal natives such as dwarf rhododendrons, saxifrage, rhodiola, juniper, and honeysuckle.
Montane Grasslands & Shrublands
Zones 1b-4b
+4.1°F by 2070
34,811 sq mi
NNH tier 2

RESOLVE 750 - Palearctic
Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe
The Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe is a vast high-elevation ecoregion stretching across the Tibetan Plateau of China, reaching east to Qinghai Lake and extending into adjacent parts of India, with land ranging from roughly 3,500 meters to nearly 6,000 meters in elevation. Vegetation is sparse, typically covering only about a fifth of the ground, and is dominated by sedges such as Kobresia and Carex together with purple feathergrass (Stipa purpurea), alongside cushion plants and alpine forbs in more stable, moister soils; there are no trees. The climate is cold and arid, classified as a tundra (Köppen ET) regime with no month averaging above 10 degrees Celsius, and precipitation declining from the northwest toward the southeast. Because the harsh conditions are largely unsuited to agriculture, the ecosystem remains relatively intact and still supports roaming herds of wild ungulates, including the migratory Tibetan antelope, argali, Tibetan wild ass, and the endangered Przewalski's gazelle, along with predators such as the snow leopard and gray wolf. For gardeners, several alpine genera native here, including Saussurea, Leontopodium, and Arenaria, are familiar in cold-hardy rock and cushion-plant horticulture.
Montane Grasslands & Shrublands
Zones 3b-5b
+3.2°F by 2070
243,123 sq mi
NNH tier 2

RESOLVE 751 - Palearctic
Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
The Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows ecoregion threads along the high Himalaya across five countries, reaching eastward from central Nepal near the Kali Gandaki River through Bhutan and India's Arunachal Pradesh to northern Myanmar and Tibetan China. Nested between the treeline near 4,000 meters and the snowline around 5,500 meters, it shifts from low alpine shrublands dominated by stunted, twisted rhododendrons into open meadows that burst with brightly colored flowers each spring and summer. Characteristic meadow genera include Meconopsis, Primula, Gentiana, Saxifraga, Androsace, Leontopodium, and Pedicularis. The climate is sharply seasonal: the May-to-September monsoon delivers heavy rainfall, with much drier rainshadow pockets, summer temperatures averaging about 20 degrees Celsius, and winters dropping below freezing. Renowned for exceptional botanical richness with over 7,000 plant species recorded, it shelters snow leopards, blue sheep, Himalayan tahr, and takin. Many of its native ornamentals, especially the blue poppies (Meconopsis), rhododendrons, and primulas, are treasured by alpine and rock gardeners.
Montane Grasslands & Shrublands
Zones 4a-8b
+4.6°F by 2070
46,781 sq mi
NNH tier 2

RESOLVE 752 - Palearctic
Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow
The Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow occupies the high mountainous interior of central Afghanistan, fanning out westward from the capital city of Kabul at its eastern point. Its vegetation is a mix of thornbush meadows and alpine grassland, with Himalayan juniper shrub thickets and herbs and flowering plants including sainfoin, Astragalus, Cousinia, and Artemisia, set across elevations that climb from roughly 1,248 to 4,868 metres. The climate is cold and dry with large seasonal swings and warm summers, giving a mean annual temperature of about 3.2 degrees Celsius and average annual precipitation near 416 millimetres. The ecoregion is best known for the critically endangered Afghan brook salamander (Paghman mountain salamander), which clings to cold high-mountain streams within a potential range of less than 10 square kilometres; less than 1 percent of the region is officially protected, with Band-e Amir National Park, famed for its travertine lakes, the main reserve. For gardeners, several cold-hardy native genera that thrive here, including Astragalus and Artemisia, are familiar in dryland and rock-garden plantings.
Montane Grasslands & Shrublands
Zones 5a-7b
+3.5°F by 2070
25,671 sq mi
NNH tier 4

RESOLVE 753 - Palearctic
Hindu Kush alpine meadow
The Hindu Kush alpine meadow spans the high Hindu Kush range across northern Afghanistan, northwestern Pakistan, and southern Tajikistan, a steep, mountainous landscape whose terrain mostly sits between 3,000 and 4,000 meters and climbs to peaks above 6,500 meters. Roughly half of it is bare rock or gravelly soil with sparse vegetation, while the remainder carries subalpine thickets, cushion shrublands, and alpine meadows of grasses and herbs, including the genera Primula, Sibbaldia, Astragalus, and Onobrychis. The climate is cold and continental with large seasonal swings, much of the high-elevation precipitation falling as snow. Over 200 vertebrate species have been recorded, with the markhor as the flagship species alongside Siberian ibex, argali, and the endangered Kashmir musk deer, yet the ecoregion currently has no protected areas. For gardeners, the native alpine flora here includes cold-hardy ornamental cushion and rock-garden genera such as Primula and Sibbaldia.
Montane Grasslands & Shrublands
Zones 4b-8b
+3.0°F by 2070
10,911 sq mi
NNH tier 4

RESOLVE 754 - Palearctic
Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe
The Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe is a vast high-elevation grassland ecoregion centered on the Karakoram Range west of the Himalaya, spanning portions of Pakistan, India, China, and Afghanistan within the upper Indus catchment. Most of it is open steppe of Stipa and Festuca grasses and forbs on slopes above 3,000 meters, while valley bottoms hold dense thickets of woody plants such as sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), willow, tamarisk, and wild rose, with relict juniper forests in remote pockets. The climate is cold and arid, with annual precipitation ranging from roughly 200 to 900 millimeters, about 90 percent of it falling as snow, and extreme topographic relief where river channels below 2,000 meters sit beneath massifs exceeding 8,000 meters. Its flagship species is the woolly flying squirrel, and its rich community of wild sheep and goats, including Marco Polo sheep, argali, markhor, urial, and ibex, supports the snow leopard, with protection afforded by parks such as Hemis, Khunjerab, and Deosai. Hardy native ornamentals here include the showy larkspur Delphinium cashmerianum, shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa), and Rosa webbiana.
Montane Grasslands & Shrublands
Zones 4a-7b
+3.3°F by 2070
55,325 sq mi
NNH tier 3
Where this ecoregion reaches
The countries, US states, and Canadian provinces this ecoregion touches, from a spatial join of its RESOLVE polygon against Natural Earth boundaries.
Countries
Educator packet
Region packet
Sulaiman Range alpine meadows educator packet
The Sulaiman Range alpine meadows ecoregion follows the higher ridges of the Sulaiman Mountains, a southerly extension of the Hindu Kush along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, sitting at an average elevation of around 2,210 meters. Despite the "meadows" name, much of the terrain is bare ground or sparse alpine steppe, with scattered bunch grasses and cushion plants of the genera Onobrychis and Acantholimon (prickly thrift); surviving forest patches in gullies hold oaks and other Fagaceae, oleander (Nerium), and Afghan ash (Fraxinus xanthoxyloides), along with rare stands of Chilghoza pine and ancient juniper woodland. The climate is harsh and arid, with precipitation rarely exceeding 225 mm a year and cold, dry winters contrasting with hot summers. The range is rich in endemism and shelters mountain wild goats and sheep such as markhor, Sindh ibex, and urial, alongside leopards and brown bears, yet very little of it is formally protected. For gardeners in cold, dry climates, the native Acantholimon (prickly thrift) is a familiar cushion-forming alpine ornamental.
Realm
Palearctic
Dominant biome
Montane Grasslands & Shrublands
Approximate area
9,218 square miles
States / provinces
Not recorded
Climate descriptor
Not recorded
Classroom prompts
- Which climate and biome facts explain why this region supports its characteristic plants?
- How do native-plant and wildlife-support claims differ from a species-presence claim?
- Which source-backed facts would you cite before using this region in a classroom map activity?
Use the Sources & citations section below for page citation styles and region source links.
Sources & citations
Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or regional planting notes that use this Plotwright page. To cite the underlying ecoregion framework or a specific editorial profile, use the source cards below.
Plotwright. (n.d.). Sulaiman Range alpine meadows (Sulaiman Range alpine meadows). Retrieved 2026, August 20, from https://plotwright.com/regions/resolve-766
Sources for this region
This page cites Plotwright first for the compiled view, then lists the upstream framework, climate, and editorial source pages so readers can cite the original material directly.
RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)
Primary ecoregion framework














































