A tough, aromatic garden hybrid (Nepeta racemosa x N. nepetella) that forms a low, spreading mound of scalloped gray-green leaves topped by raceme-like spikes of two-lipped lavender-blue flowers from late spring into fall. Sterile and clump-forming rather than weedy, it shrugs off heat, drought, and deer, draws bees all season, and is mildly attractive to cats — a workhorse for border fronts, edging, and dry sunny sites.

A low, clump-forming native woodland violet of eastern North America, grown for its early spring blue-to-purple flowers with conspicuous white throats held over glossy, heart-shaped leaves. It does not run, but self-seeds freely — to the point of being weedy in rich, moist ground. A larval host for fritillary butterflies and a nectar source for early bees and butterflies; the leaves are high in vitamins A and C.

Among the very first flowers of the year, the common snowdrop pushes up through cold soil in late winter to open a single nodding white bell on each short stem, the inner segments marked with a neat green tip. A small late-winter bulb of mainland European woodland and grass, it is the classic naturalising snowdrop — left undisturbed, a few bulbs slowly spread into the drifts and sheets that carpet a winter garden. Honest cautions: all parts are mildly toxic if eaten (it contains galanthamine and lectins), and it is best moved and divided 'in the green' — in leaf, just after flowering — rather than bought and planted as a dry bulb.

One of the first flowers of spring — a low-growing corm that pushes goblet-shaped purple or white blooms straight out of cold, often still-snowy ground in early spring. Many garden hybrids ("Dutch crocus," "giant crocus," "spring crocus") descend from this alpine European species, which the Missouri Botanical Garden notes is native to the Pyrenees, Alps, and Carpathians. Each flower lasts only about three weeks, but corms naturalize and spread in sunny lawns and woodland edges over time.

A diminutive native woodland iris forming spreading mats of low sword-shaped foliage topped briefly in spring by delicate light-blue flowers with bold yellow + white "crests" running down each fall. One of the most charming native perennials for partly shaded sites. Among the smallest native irises (6-9" tall) — works beautifully as a groundcover under deciduous shrubs + along path edges. ALL parts toxic (typical iris caveat).

A shade-tolerant hosta with glossy foliage and fragrant white late-summer flowers for paths, containers, and woodland edges.