Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests

Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests

Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests
The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests cover the rugged Sierra Madre de Oaxaca mountains of southern Mexico, lying mostly within Oaxaca state and extending north into Puebla and Veracruz, with terrain reaching 3,400 metres at the peak of Zempoaltepetl. A mosaic of pine and oak woodland dominates, built largely on Pinus and Quercus (including netleaf oak), grading into humid cloud forests rich in bromeliads, orchids, and ferns. The climate is temperate and humid, with the range intercepting moist air carried west from the Gulf of Mexico; yearly temperatures and rainfall range roughly from 16 to 20 degrees Celsius and 700 to 4,000 millimetres. These forests are exceptionally biodiverse, holding nearly 40 percent of Mesoamerica's endemic vertebrates and ranking among the last remaining habitats for jaguar and puma in Mexico, with much of the land stewarded by Indigenous communities. For gardeners, the region is also home to native orchids of the genus Rhynchostele.
RESOLVE 557
Neotropic
5,538 sq mi
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Type de paysage
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Région végétale
Neotropic
Empreinte de la région
5,538 sq mi
Pression sur l'habitat
Nature Could Reach Half Protected (Dinerstein NNH 2)
Utilisez ceci comme schéma général de plantation pour la région : Subtropical and tropical forests dominated by conifers such as pines, typically in semi-arid climates with seasonal rainfall. They often occupy higher elevations and carry fire-adapted understories. Pour vos décisions de jardin, associez ce contexte à la liste de plantes ci-dessous, puis affinez selon les contraintes de lumière, d'eau, de sol et de taille adulte de votre site.

Range & origins

Emplacement de Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests sur la carte du monde
Repère placé à l’intérieur du polygone RESOLVE 2017 à 17.4°N, 96.6°W.
La région à travers le temps
Empreinte moderne
RESOLVE 2017 cartographie 5,538 sq mi
Cette limite est une empreinte écologique moderne pour Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests, et non une ligne permanente sur la planète. Elle est utile pour le contexte actuel des plantes et de la faune car elle suit des schémas récurrents de végétation, de climat, de relief et de perturbations.
Pourquoi ici
Conditions de tropical & subtropical coniferous forests
La région se situe dans le règne Neotropic et est classée comme tropical & subtropical coniferous forests. L'altitude, l'humidité, le feu, les sols, les côtes et l'utilisation humaine des terres peuvent tous rendre le paysage réel plus varié qu'une seule couleur de carte ne le laisse penser.
Pression du changement
Nature Could Reach Half Protected
Plotwright affiche ceci comme l'empreinte RESOLVE actuelle. Au fil des décennies ou des siècles, le réchauffement, les perturbations, les espèces envahissantes, l'utilisation des terres et la restauration peuvent déplacer la bordure vivante d'une région même lorsque la carte de référence reste fixe.

Régions de plantation similaires

Parcourez d'autres régions au rythme similaire d'étés chauds et secs. Leurs listes de plantes peuvent suggérer des espèces et des combinaisons à comparer.
RESOLVE 552 - Neotropic
Bahamian pineyards
The Bahamian pineyards are a tropical and subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion spanning the northern Bahamas, on Grand Bahama, Abaco, Andros, and New Providence, together with the Caicos Islands of the Turks and Caicos. The canopy is dominated by the Bahamian pine (Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis), a variety botanically distinct from other Caribbean pines and adapted to sandy, salty ground, growing over a broad-leaved shrub understory that includes poisonwood (Metopium toxiferum), thatch palms, and the endemic five-finger. These are fire-maintained, pyrogenic forests; pollen records indicate a largely anthropogenic origin, with the modern pineyards established by about 1200 CE following Lucayan land clearing. The ecoregion carries a Critical/Endangered status and shelters notable wildlife, including endemic birds such as the Bahama yellowthroat, Bahama woodstar, and Bahama oriole, rock iguanas (Cyclura) and boas (Epicrates), and the wintering Kirtland's warbler, while logging, invasive species, and intensifying hurricanes such as Dorian remain serious threats. For gardeners, the understory native pinepink orchid (Bletia purpurea) is among the ornamental plants found here.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 13b
+3.1°F d’ici 2070
2,659 sq mi
Niveau NNH 3
RESOLVE 553 - Neotropic
Central American pine-oak forests
The Central American pine-oak forests stretch along the mountainous spine of northern Central America, from the Chiapas highlands and Sierra Madre de Chiapas in southern Mexico through the uplands of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras into Nicaragua. As the name suggests, these montane woodlands are dominated by pines (Pinus species) and oaks (Quercus species), with pines tending to prevail at higher elevations and oaks lower down, alongside trees such as American sweetgum. They occupy a mid-elevation band roughly between 600 and 1,800 meters, giving way to cloud forest higher up and grading into tropical moist forest on the Caribbean slope and tropical dry forest on the Pacific slope. The region is an Endemic Bird Area and the celebrated home of the resplendent quetzal, though much of its forest is now considered critically threatened, with the stands in El Salvador almost entirely cleared. For gardeners, it is the native ground of American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), a popular ornamental shade tree prized for its fall color.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 12a-13b
+3.4°F d’ici 2070
42,987 sq mi
Niveau NNH 2
RESOLVE 554 - Neotropic
Cuban pine forests
The Cuban pine forests form a tropical coniferous ecoregion confined to the island of Cuba and Isla de la Juventud, surviving in separate western patches around Pinar del Rio and eastern stands in the Sierra Maestra and Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains. The canopy is built almost entirely of native pines, with Pinus caribaea and Pinus tropicalis dominating the western forests and Pinus maestrensis and Pinus cubensis in the east, often accompanied by the local oak Quercus sagraeana. These trees grow on well-drained, nutrient-poor, acidic soils, including quartziferous sands and lateritic ground, under a warm climate averaging about 25 degrees Celsius with a dry season from roughly November to April and a wet summer. The region is a stronghold of endemism, home to flagship birds such as the Cuban tody, Cuban trogon, and olive-capped warbler, while the Cajalbana Plateau ranks among Cuba's most distinctive centers of plant diversity; centuries of logging, fire, and mining have left the ecoregion classified as critically endangered.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 13b
+3.2°F d’ici 2070
2,479 sq mi
Niveau NNH 3
RESOLVE 555 - Neotropic
Hispaniolan pine forests
The Hispaniolan pine forests cover the high mountains of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, spanning both the Dominican Republic and Haiti, where they extend from the Cordillera Central into Haiti's Massif du Nord at elevations above roughly 800 meters. The forests are dominated by pino criollo (Pinus occidentalis), the island's only native pine, growing alongside other conifers such as the juniper Juniperus gracilior and Podocarpus aristulatus, with broad-leaved understory shrubs at lower elevations. The climate is comparatively cool and seasonal for the tropics, with annual rainfall generally between 1,000 and 2,000 millimeters and a distinct wet season, and temperatures in the higher reaches can fall below freezing. The ecoregion is rated Critical/Endangered: more than half of its original area has been cleared for agriculture, pasture, and plantations, with the Haitian portion far more deforested than the Dominican side. It shelters many endemic animals, including the Hispaniolan crossbill, white-winged warbler, and golden swallow. Gardeners may recognize native genera here such as Juniperus, Vaccinium, and Buddleja.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 12a-13b
+3.3°F d’ici 2070
4,476 sq mi
Niveau NNH 2
RESOLVE 556 - Neotropic
Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests
The Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests crown the Sierra de la Laguna mountain range at the southern tip of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula, within Los Cabos and eastern La Paz municipalities of Baja California Sur. Found above roughly 800 meters and ringed at lower elevations by dry forest and desert, they form the only temperate forests in the state, dominated by oaks (Quercus, including the endemic Q. devia) and pines (notably the endemic Pinus lagunae), alongside the Peninsular madrone (Arbutus peninsularis). Their elevation gives a subtropical to temperate climate that is markedly wetter than the surrounding lowlands, with rain concentrated in summer. This island of forest is a center of endemism, holding around 694 plant species of which roughly 85 occur nowhere else, and part of the range was designated a UNESCO biosphere reserve. For gardeners, the native Arbutus and Quercus offer cues to genera suited to mild, summer-rain mountain climates.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 11b-12b
+2.6°F d’ici 2070
411 sq mi
Niveau NNH 1
RESOLVE 558 - Neotropic
Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests
The Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests blanket the mountain ranges of southern Mexico that run parallel to the Pacific coast, spanning the states of Michoacan, Guerrero, and Oaxaca. As the name suggests, the forests are built around oaks (Quercus) and pines (Pinus), with characteristic species including Quercus magnoliifolia, Q. castanea, Pinus pseudostrobus, and Pinus herrerae, while firs (Abies) take over at the highest elevations and humid cloud forests gather on mid-slopes. Conditions are temperate to subhumid, with rainfall in the range of about 800 to 1,600 mm a year across an elevation span reaching from roughly 100 to 3,500 meters. The region is an exceptional center of endemism: it holds some 595 plant species with seven endemic genera and 160 native birds, 28 of them found nowhere else, and its flagship animal is the Omiltemi cottontail rabbit. For gardeners, the ecoregion is also home to ornamental natives such as the Texas madrone (Arbutus xalapensis) and several endemic magnolias.
Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Zones 11a-13b
+3.1°F d’ici 2070
23,616 sq mi
Niveau NNH 3

Sources et citations

Citer cette page
Pour les plans de cours, articles ou notes de plantation régionales qui utilisent cette page Plotwright. Pour citer le cadre d'écorégions sous-jacent ou un profil éditorial spécifique, utilisez les fiches de sources ci-dessous.
Plotwright. (n.d.). Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests (Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests). Retrieved 2026, June 24, from https://plotwright.com/regions/resolve-557
Sources pour cette région
Cette page cite d'abord Plotwright pour la vue compilée, puis répertorie les pages sources du cadre, du climat et de l'éditorial en amont afin que les lecteurs puissent citer directement le matériel d'origine.
RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)
Cadre principal des écorégions
Étaye 4 champs
Identifiant RESOLVE
Biome + règne
Superficie
Palier NNH
One Earth
One Earth
Étaye 1 champ
Résumé éditorial
Wikipedia
Wikimedia Foundation
Étaye 1 champ
Vérification croisée du résumé