Country

Sweden: 4 ecoregions. Each with its climate now and toward 2050, and its conservation tier.

Sweden reads as a transect through four Palearctic ecoregions. Baltic mixed forests and Sarmatic mixed forests cover the south, temperate broadleaf country where oak and other hardwoods hold their own; the Scandinavian and Russian taiga, by far the largest, covers the long middle and north with boreal conifer forest; and the Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands run along the mountain spine toward tundra conditions. The gradient is the practical guide: southern gardens work with a genuine temperate palette of hardwoods, fruit, and perennials, while northern and upland sites are boreal, favoring conifers, birch, and cold-proven shrubs. Hardiness and season length, not summer heat, are the limits that matter, tightening steadily with latitude and elevation.