Country

Poland: 4 ecoregions. Each with its climate now and toward 2050, and its conservation tier.

Poland is temperate forest country through and through. Central European mixed forests cover most of it, with Western European broadleaf forests reaching in from the southwest, Baltic mixed forests along the northern coast, and the Carpathian montane forests - a temperate conifer ecoregion assessed as able to reach half protected - rising along the southern border. The climate character is transitional continental: colder, snowier winters than western Europe, warm summers, and enough rainfall for closed forest everywhere the land allows. For planting that means a reliable palette of cold-hardy deciduous trees and shrubs across the lowlands, with the Carpathian fringe adding a genuinely montane zone where spruce-type conifer forest conditions and shorter seasons take over.