Country

Peru: 16 ecoregions. Each with its climate now and toward 2050, and its conservation tier.

Sixteen ecoregions stack Peru from Amazon floor to Andean crest to coastal desert. The east is dominated by tropical moist broadleaf forests - Napo, Ucayali, and Southwest Amazon moist forests plus the seasonally flooded Iquitos and Purus várzea - rising through the Peruvian Yungas into the Central Andean puna and wet puna, montane grasslands that cap the high cordillera. The Pacific side flips to the Sechura desert, the imperiled Tumbes-Piura dry forests, and mangroves at the northern coast. Few countries compress this much gradient: constant warm humidity in the lowlands, cool thin-aired grassland above, and near-rainless coast below. Plant selection in Peru is elevation-first; the same latitude holds rainforest understory, frost-hardy puna cushion plants, and desert xerophytes.