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Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

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Carolines tropical moist forests

Bioma

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

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Reino biogeográfico

Oceania

Faixa de manguezal em uma planície de maré abaixo de montanhas florestadas em Kosrae, Micronésia.

Foto da região - Geoffrey Rhodes from Helensvale - Gold Coast, Australia / Wikimedia Commons - CC BY 2.0; attribution required.

Carolines tropical moist forests

As florestas tropicais úmidas das Carolinas cobrem as ilhas Carolinas centrais e orientais dos Estados Federados da Micronésia, abrangendo as altas ilhas vulcânicas de Chuuk, Pohnpei e Kosrae junto com os atóis que as circundam. Originalmente revestidas em sua maior parte por floresta tropical, com manguezais no litoral, as ilhas sobem da floresta de terras baixas, passando pela floresta montana, até a floresta nebular de cume, e sustentam gêneros de árvores e arbustos como Syzygium, Glochidion, Myrsine, Elaeocarpus e Psychotria, além de samambaias arborescentes Cyathea, Pandanus e palmeiras nativas. O clima é úmido e tropical, com pouca variação sazonal de temperatura e chuvas muito intensas que aumentam para leste, onde Pohnpei registra em média mais de 4.500 mm por ano e partes de Kosrae ultrapassam 6.400 mm. Notavelmente, a floresta nebular se forma aqui a apenas cerca de 300 a 450 metros de altitude, entre as florestas nebulares tropicais de menor altitude do mundo, e treze espécies de aves são endêmicas da ecorregião, incluindo o emblemático lóris-de-pohnpei. Para os jardineiros, a região é o lar nativo de tropicais ornamentais como os pandanos Pandanus, as samambaias arborescentes Cyathea e palmeiras de gêneros como Clinostigma e Ptychosperma.

RESOLVE 618

Oceania

224 sq mi

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

Tipo de paisagem

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

Região vegetal

Oceania

Pegada da região

224 sq mi

Pressão sobre o habitat

Nature Imperiled (Dinerstein NNH 4)

Origem e cuidado

Patrocinado

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Use isto como o padrão geral de plantio para a região: Florestas quentes, úmidas e altamente produtivas - incluindo as florestas tropicais úmidas - com dosséis fechados, estações de crescimento quase o ano todo e a maior biodiversidade terrestre da Terra. A baixa sazonalidade e a alta pluviosidade sustentam uma vegetação densa e estratificada, do dossel ao chão da floresta. Para decisões de jardim, refine pelas restrições de luz, água, solo e tamanho adulto do seu local.

°C

°F

Plantas que aguentam esta região

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Regiões de plantio semelhantes

Explore outras regiões do mesmo bioma. As listas de plantas delas podem sugerir espécies e combinações que vale a pena comparar.

Dossel de folhas largas em contraluz e galhos pálidos espalhados vistos de baixo da floresta insular no atol Caroline, Kiribati.

RESOLVE 619 - Oceania

Central Polynesian tropical moist forests

The Central Polynesian tropical moist forests stretch across the scattered low islands of the central Pacific, spanning the northern Cook Islands, the Line Islands of Kiribati, and the United States possessions of Johnston Atoll, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Kingman Reef. Almost all of these are coral atolls with open or closed lagoons or raised reef platforms, most lying only a few meters above sea level, so their coastal forests are dominated by salt- and wind-tolerant Indo-Pacific trees such as Pisonia grandis, Calophyllum inophyllum, Pandanus tectorius, Cordia subcordata, and Guettarda speciosa, over an understory of Scaevola taccada, Morinda citrifolia, and Pemphis acidula. The climate is uniformly warm and tropical but ranges from continually wet to drought-prone depending on each island's position relative to the equator and the trade-wind belt. With no native non-marine mammals or amphibians, the ecoregion's wildlife centers on seabirds and endemic land birds like the bokikokiko reed warbler, and several islands hold notable populations of the coconut crab. For gardeners in warm coastal climates, native genera here, including Pandanus, Scaevola, Cordia, and Calophyllum, are familiar salt-tolerant ornamentals.

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

RESOLVE 620 - Oceania

Cook Islands tropical moist forests

The Cook Islands tropical moist forests cover the Southern Cook Islands, a chain of extinct volcanic and raised-limestone islands in the South Pacific that includes Rarotonga, Aitutaki, Atiu, Mangaia, Mauke, Mitiaro, Manuae, Palmerston, and Takutea. Vegetation grades by elevation from lowland Homalium and Fagraea-Fitchia forest into low-stature Metrosideros cloud forest above about 400 metres on Rarotonga's steep slopes, while the surrounding makatea limestone belts carry Elaeocarpus, Hernandia, and Pandanus. The climate is humid and tropical, shaped by the southeast trade winds, with windward sides wetter than leeward ones and peak rainfall around November and December. Though small, the archipelago is rich in endemics: the blue lorikeet is the flagship species, and six landbirds are strictly endemic, among them the Rarotonga monarch and Mangaia kingfisher, with the Pacific flying fox the only native non-marine mammal. The ecoregion is considered critically endangered, with only a small fraction protected, chiefly Rarotonga's Te Manga cloud forest, and native plants and snails remain pressured by introduced species. Gardeners may recognize native genera such as the screwpine Pandanus and the ornamental Scaevola and Heliotropium of the coastal flora.

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

RESOLVE 621 - Oceania

Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests

The Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests stretch across the low coral islands of the central Pacific, spanning the Marshall Islands and the Gilbert Islands and Banaba of Kiribati, plus the single-island outliers of Nauru and Wake Island. Most of these landmasses are atolls of coralline sand encircling a lagoon, or raised platforms of coralline limestone, with the wetter islands carrying tropical moist forest. Characteristic trees and shrubs include Pisonia grandis, which can tower to around thirty meters and shelter seabird rookeries, alongside Pandanus tectorius, Guettarda speciosa, Cordia subcordata, Scaevola, and Calophyllum inophyllum. The climate is tropical with little seasonal temperature change; islands in the trade-wind belt receive the heaviest rainfall while the northern Marshalls, Wake, and southern Gilberts stay drier. The ecoregion's flagship is the coconut crab, the world's largest land-living arthropod, and it harbors endemics such as the Nauru reed-warbler, though it is highly threatened by invasive species and rising seas. For coastal or tropical gardeners, several of its natives, including Cordia subcordata, screw pine (Pandanus tectorius), and Calophyllum inophyllum, are familiar ornamental and shade plantings.

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

RESOLVE 622 - Oceania

Fiji tropical moist forests

The Fiji tropical moist forests cover the wetter windward sides of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, Fiji's two largest islands, along with the smaller Fijian islands and the three islands of Wallis and Futuna, a French overseas territory in the South Pacific. Across an elevational gradient the ecoregion grades from lowland rainforest into montane forest and, on the higher ridges, cloud forest, with characteristic trees including Degeneria, the southern conifers Agathis and Podocarpus, Pandanus, Calophyllum, and Metrosideros, plus tree ferns such as Cyathea. The climate is warm and consistently wet, with most areas receiving over 2,500 mm of rain a year and the windward mountains far more. The forests are exceptionally rich in endemics, harboring the primitive flowering-plant family Degeneriaceae found nowhere else and many island-restricted species, yet they are considered critically endangered with only a small fraction held in formal protected areas.

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

RESOLVE 623 - Oceania

Hawai'i tropical moist forests

The Hawai'i tropical moist forests blanket the windward lowlands and montane slopes of the Hawaiian archipelago in the Pacific. The ecoregion is a mosaic of coastal and mixed mesic forests, montane rainforests, wet shrublands, and bogs, with 'ohi'a lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) and koa (Acacia koa) forming the dominant canopy alongside genera such as Cheirodendron, Melicope, Myrsine, and Syzygium. Its climate is shaped by moisture-laden trade winds off the windward slopes, and it harbors one of the world's wettest places on the slopes of Mount Waiʻaleʻale on Kauaʻi, which averages roughly 9,500 mm of rain a year. Tens of millions of years of oceanic isolation have driven extraordinary endemism here, from fungi and land snails to the spectacular radiation of Hawaiian honeycreepers, and the forest's flagship is the scarlet I'iwi. That heritage is now imperiled: of more than 110 native bird species the forests once held, only 48 remain, and the ecoregion is considered critically endangered. Native ornamentals from these forests include the loulu fan palms (Pritchardia) and hala (Pandanus tectorius).

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

RESOLVE 624 - Oceania

Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests

The Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests cover a remote chain of small volcanic islands belonging to New Zealand, lying roughly 800 to 1,000 kilometres northeast of the North Island in the South Pacific. Their forests are dominated by a low canopy, around 10 to 15 metres tall, of the red-flowered Kermadec pohutukawa (Metrosideros kermadecensis), mixed with the native nikau palm (Rhopalostylis baueri) and endemic tree ferns of the genus Alsophila. The climate is subtropical, with annual rainfall of about 1,500 millimetres and mean monthly temperatures ranging from roughly 16 degrees Celsius in August to 22 degrees Celsius in February; above about 500 metres the montane forest becomes cloudier and mossier. Despite their small size the islands are botanically distinctive, supporting 23 endemic vascular plant species along with endemic wildlife such as the Kermadec red-crowned parakeet, and they were gazetted as a nature reserve in 1937. For gardeners, the showy red-flowering Metrosideros and the nikau palm are the standout ornamental genera native to this ecoregion.

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

Educator packet

Region packet

Carolines tropical moist forests educator packet

As florestas tropicais úmidas das Carolinas cobrem as ilhas Carolinas centrais e orientais dos Estados Federados da Micronésia, abrangendo as altas ilhas vulcânicas de Chuuk, Pohnpei e Kosrae junto com os atóis que as circundam. Originalmente revestidas em sua maior parte por floresta tropical, com manguezais no litoral, as ilhas sobem da floresta de terras baixas, passando pela floresta montana, até a floresta nebular de cume, e sustentam gêneros de árvores e arbustos como Syzygium, Glochidion, Myrsine, Elaeocarpus e Psychotria, além de samambaias arborescentes Cyathea, Pandanus e palmeiras nativas. O clima é úmido e tropical, com pouca variação sazonal de temperatura e chuvas muito intensas que aumentam para leste, onde Pohnpei registra em média mais de 4.500 mm por ano e partes de Kosrae ultrapassam 6.400 mm. Notavelmente, a floresta nebular se forma aqui a apenas cerca de 300 a 450 metros de altitude, entre as florestas nebulares tropicais de menor altitude do mundo, e treze espécies de aves são endêmicas da ecorregião, incluindo o emblemático lóris-de-pohnpei. Para os jardineiros, a região é o lar nativo de tropicais ornamentais como os pandanos Pandanus, as samambaias arborescentes Cyathea e palmeiras de gêneros como Clinostigma e Ptychosperma.

Realm

Oceania

Dominant biome

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

Approximate area

224 square miles

States / provinces

Not recorded

Climate descriptor

Not recorded

Classroom prompts

- Which climate and biome facts explain why this region supports its characteristic plants?

- How do native-plant and wildlife-support claims differ from a species-presence claim?

- Which source-backed facts would you cite before using this region in a classroom map activity?

Use the Sources & citations section below for page citation styles and region source links.

Fontes e citações

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Plotwright. (n.d.). Carolines tropical moist forests (Carolines tropical moist forests). Retrieved 2026, August 20, from https://plotwright.com/regions/resolve-618

Fontes para esta região

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RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)

Estrutura principal de ecorregiões

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