›

Mangroves

›

Indochina mangroves

Bioma

Mangroves

·

Reino biogeográfico

Indomalayan

Palmeiras nipa aglomeradas em um canal de maré no delta do Mekong, Vietnã.

Foto da região - Luis Argerich from Buenos Aires, Argentina / Wikimedia Commons - CC BY 2.0; attribution required.

Indochina mangroves

Os manguezais da Indochina orlam as costas tropicais do golfo da Tailândia através da Tailândia, do Camboja e do Vietnã, e até a Malásia, com seus maiores povoamentos remanescentes no delta do Mekong, no sul do Vietnã. São florestas de mangue de maré clássicas, moldadas pela inundação periódica com água salobra e salgada, onde a vegetação se ordena por salinidade: a pioneira Avicennia alba margeia a orla aberta e dá lugar, terra adentro, a Rhizophora apiculata e Bruguiera parviflora, enquanto as zonas de água doce, menos salinas, sustentam Avicennia officinalis, Sonneratia caseolaris e as palmeiras Nypa fruticans e Phoenix paludosa. O crocodilo-de-estuário, ou marinho, é a espécie emblemática, e as florestas remanescentes dão abrigo a aves aquáticas raras, como o marabu-menor, o pato-de-asa-branca e o pelicano-de-bico-manchado. Boa parte desse habitat se perdeu, no entanto, desde a desfolhação do delta do Mekong durante a guerra até sua conversão contínua em tanques de camarão, de modo que muito pouco da ecorregião está formalmente protegido. Para jardineiros, a palmeira de mangue nativa Nypa fruticans é um parente hortícola notável da flora de palmeiras indomalaia mais ampla.

RESOLVE 319

Indomalayan

10,388 sq mi

Mangroves

Tipo de paisagem

Mangroves

Região vegetal

Indomalayan

Pegada da região

10,388 sq mi

Pressão sobre o habitat

Nature Imperiled (Dinerstein NNH 4)

Origem e cuidado

Patrocinado

Plantas nativas

Compre a seleção de plantas nativas de um viveiro.

Encontrar plantas nativas na Burpee ->

Suprimentos de jardinagem

Terra, cobertura morta, fertilizante e ferramentas para plantá-las e cuidar delas.

Encontrar suprimentos na Amazon ->

O Plotwright pode ganhar uma comissão sobre as compras feitas por meio desses links, sem custo adicional para você.

Use isto como o padrão geral de plantio para a região: Florestas costeiras de maré de árvores tolerantes ao sal, enraizadas em estuários e litorais abrigados dos trópicos e subtrópicos. Os manguezais protegem as costas das tempestades, armazenam grandes quantidades de carbono e servem de berçário para peixes e mariscos. Para decisões de jardim, refine pelas restrições de luz, água, solo e tamanho adulto do seu local.

°C

°F

Plantas que aguentam esta região

O Plotwright ainda não tem plantas com bom encaixe climático para esta região. À medida que o catálogo crescer nesta faixa climática, sugestões aparecerão aqui.

Regiões de plantio semelhantes

Explore outras regiões do mesmo bioma. As listas de plantas delas podem sugerir espécies e combinações que vale a pena comparar.

Mangues baixos em águas rasas de maré em Keti Bandar, delta do Indo, Paquistão.

RESOLVE 320 - Indomalayan

Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves

This mangrove ecoregion fringes the Arabian Sea coast of Sindh Province in Pakistan, where the Indus River builds a vast alluvial delta, and extends to the Gulfs of Kutch and Khambhat in Gujarat, India. Its forests are overwhelmingly dominated by the grey or white mangrove (Avicennia marina), a species that tolerates exceptionally high salinity, with red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) and Indian mangrove (Ceriops tagal) appearing on small patches of higher ground. The climate is harsh and arid, swinging from near-freezing winters to summer temperatures around 50 degrees Celsius, with most rain confined to the southwest monsoon between July and September and very high evaporation that keeps the tidal flats intensely saline. These mangroves form one of the world's largest such forests and serve as a critical staging area for tens of thousands of migratory birds, including greater flamingos and the ecoregion's flagship Dalmatian pelican. The habitat faces serious pressure from reduced Indus freshwater flow, pollution and oil spills near Karachi, and cutting for fuelwood and grazing.

RESOLVE 321 - Indomalayan

Myanmar Coast mangroves

The Myanmar Coast mangroves fringe the eastern rim of the Bay of Bengal, spanning Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Malaysia, with the richest concentrations in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) delta and the Rakhine and Tanintharyi coasts. These tidal forests are dominated by classic Indo-Pacific mangrove genera such as Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Sonneratia, Avicennia, and Xylocarpus, alongside the nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) and the mangrove date palm (Phoenix paludosa). The setting is built on alluvial silt deposited by the Ayeyarwady, one of the world's most sediment-laden rivers, whose delta is composed largely of washed-down alluvium. Notably, the ecoregion holds one of the highest mangrove-tree species richnesses of any mangrove region in the Indian Ocean and serves as habitat for the critically endangered four-toed terrapin (Batagur baska), its flagship species. It is also one of Asia's most depleted mangrove areas, heavily reduced by logging and conversion to agriculture, making the surviving forests a conservation priority. For gardeners, the palms native here, the nipa and the mangrove date palm, are striking tropical, salt- and water-tolerant ornamentals.

RESOLVE 322 - Indomalayan

Sunda Shelf mangroves

The Sunda Shelf mangroves fringe the coasts of Borneo and eastern Sumatra, spanning Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei in the Indomalayan realm. These tidal forests hold around 28 species of mangrove trees, organized into bands that shift with salinity: Avicennia and Sonneratia colonize the seaward sediments, Rhizophora and Bruguiera take the inland muds, and stands of the Nypa fruticans palm occupy fresher soils farther upstream. The coastline sits along the geologically active Ring of Fire, where earthquakes and volcanic activity are frequent and the mangroves serve as a first line of defense against erosion and wave surges. The forests are also notable habitat for the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus), which is endemic to the Bornean mangroves and adjacent lowlands and absent from Sumatra. About half of the original mangroves remain, most of it degraded, with logging, shrimp farming, and clearance for agriculture the leading threats. For gardeners drawn to tropical waterside planting, the nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is among the genera native to this region.

RESOLVE 323 - Indomalayan

Sundarbans mangroves

The Sundarbans mangroves form the world's largest contiguous mangrove forest, spanning the lower Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta across southern Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. The forest is dominated by the sundri tree (Heritiera fomes), from which it takes its name, alongside other salt-tolerant genera including Avicennia, Sonneratia, Xylocarpus, Bruguiera, Ceriops, and Rhizophora, with the nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) lining its tidal creeks. Its climate is governed by strong monsoons off the Bay of Bengal that deliver heavy rainfall and intense daytime heat, punctuated by destructive cyclones. The ecoregion is the only mangrove system that sustains a viable population of the Bengal tiger, which swims among its islands, and its protected areas are inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Gardeners drawn to its flora will recognize coastal genera such as Sonneratia and the architectural nipa palm, both native to these intertidal forests.

RESOLVE 611 - Neotropic

Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves

The Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves form a vast coastal ecoregion in the Neotropics, fringing the Caribbean shores of Colombia and Venezuela and the Atlantic coasts of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northeastern Brazil, including the Brazilian states of Amapá, Pará, and Maranhão. Shaped by the outflow of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, its tidal wetlands are dominated by salt-tolerant mangroves such as Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia schaueriana, alongside green buttonwood and the familiar red, white, and black mangroves. The climate is equatorial and fully humid, with year-round warmth roughly between 22 and 31 degrees Celsius and abundant rainfall averaging around 2,500 millimetres annually. These constantly flooded forests shelter rich birdlife and wildlife, from the scarlet ibis and American flamingo to giant otters, manatees, and nesting sea turtles, and the ecoregion's flagship is the critically endangered sapphire-bellied hummingbird. Though much of it remains relatively intact, mangrove stands here face mounting pressure from urbanization, pollution, and timber extraction.

RESOLVE 612 - Neotropic

Bahamian-Antillean mangroves

The Bahamian-Antillean mangroves form a Neotropical mangrove ecoregion scattered across the islands of the Caribbean and the western Atlantic, spanning jurisdictions that include Cuba, The Bahamas, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Turks and Caicos, the Cayman Islands, and the US Virgin Islands. Its tidal forests are built from four characteristic salt-tolerant trees: red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), and buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus). The climate is subtropical and strongly hurricane-exposed, with rainfall declining from the wetter northern islands toward the drier south. These shallow-water forests shelter notable wildlife, serving as habitat for West Indian manatees, marine turtles, and American flamingos, with the Northern Bahamian rock iguana recognized as the ecoregion's flagship species. Coastal tourism development and sea-level rise are leading threats, which matters to gardeners because buttonwood (Conocarpus) native here is among the region's hardiest salt- and wind-tolerant coastal plants.

Até onde chega esta ecorregião

Os países, estados dos EUA e províncias do Canadá que esta ecorregião toca, a partir de um cruzamento espacial de seu polígono RESOLVE com os limites da Natural Earth.

Países

Thailand Vietnam

Educator packet

Region packet

Indochina mangroves educator packet

Os manguezais da Indochina orlam as costas tropicais do golfo da Tailândia através da Tailândia, do Camboja e do Vietnã, e até a Malásia, com seus maiores povoamentos remanescentes no delta do Mekong, no sul do Vietnã. São florestas de mangue de maré clássicas, moldadas pela inundação periódica com água salobra e salgada, onde a vegetação se ordena por salinidade: a pioneira Avicennia alba margeia a orla aberta e dá lugar, terra adentro, a Rhizophora apiculata e Bruguiera parviflora, enquanto as zonas de água doce, menos salinas, sustentam Avicennia officinalis, Sonneratia caseolaris e as palmeiras Nypa fruticans e Phoenix paludosa. O crocodilo-de-estuário, ou marinho, é a espécie emblemática, e as florestas remanescentes dão abrigo a aves aquáticas raras, como o marabu-menor, o pato-de-asa-branca e o pelicano-de-bico-manchado. Boa parte desse habitat se perdeu, no entanto, desde a desfolhação do delta do Mekong durante a guerra até sua conversão contínua em tanques de camarão, de modo que muito pouco da ecorregião está formalmente protegido. Para jardineiros, a palmeira de mangue nativa Nypa fruticans é um parente hortícola notável da flora de palmeiras indomalaia mais ampla.

Realm

Indomalayan

Dominant biome

Mangroves

Approximate area

10,388 square miles

States / provinces

Not recorded

Climate descriptor

Not recorded

Classroom prompts

- Which climate and biome facts explain why this region supports its characteristic plants?

- How do native-plant and wildlife-support claims differ from a species-presence claim?

- Which source-backed facts would you cite before using this region in a classroom map activity?

Use the Sources & citations section below for page citation styles and region source links.

Fontes e citações

Citar esta página

Para planos de aula, artigos ou notas de plantio regionais que usem esta página do Plotwright. Para citar a estrutura de ecorregiões subjacente ou um perfil editorial específico, use os cartões de fontes abaixo.

Plotwright. (n.d.). Indochina mangroves (Indochina mangroves). Retrieved 2026, August 20, from https://plotwright.com/regions/resolve-319

Fontes para esta região

Esta página cita primeiro o Plotwright pela visão compilada e depois lista as páginas de fontes da estrutura, do clima e editoriais a montante para que os leitores possam citar o material original diretamente.

RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)

Estrutura principal de ecorregiões

One Earth

Wikipedia

Wikimedia Foundation

Abrir fonte

Guia de fontes