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Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

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Borneo peat swamp forests

Bioma

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

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Reino biogeográfico

Indomalayan

Vista aérea de floresta pantanosa de turfa e rio de águas escuras em Bornéu.

Foto da região - Ruanda Agung Sugardiman / AusAID / Wikimedia Commons - CC BY 2.0; attribution required.

Borneo peat swamp forests

As florestas pantanosas de turfa de Borneo se estendem pelas terras baixas costeiras de Borneo, abrangendo o Kalimantan indonésio, o estado malaio de Sarawak e o distrito de Belait de Brunei, formadas atrás de manguezais salobros e agrupadas ao redor dos lagos interiores dos rios Mahakam e Kapuas. Essas florestas crescem sobre turfa ácida e encharcada que pode exceder vinte metros de profundidade, onde condições anaeróbias retardam a decomposição; árvores características do dossel incluem a valiosa madeira ramin (Gonystylus bancanus), Shorea albida, Dactylocladus stenostachys e Dacrydium beccarii, juntamente com mais de trinta espécies de palmeiras. O clima é tropical e monçônico, com encharcamento o ano todo e inundações sazonais. O macaco-narigudo é a espécie-bandeira da ecorregião, que também abriga o orangotango-de-Borneo e o valioso aruanã-asiático (Scleropages formosus), embora seja considerada crítica ou ameaçada, com apenas cerca de 14 por cento protegidos e grande parte da turfa drenada, explorada ou queimada. Para jardineiros, o sub-bosque nativo dos pântanos inclui pândanos ornamentais do gênero Pandanus, cultivados em outros lugares por sua folhagem marcante em tiras.

RESOLVE 221

Indomalayan

26,069 sq mi

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

Tipo de paisagem

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

Região vegetal

Indomalayan

Pegada da região

26,069 sq mi

Pressão sobre o habitat

Nature Could Reach Half Protected (Dinerstein NNH 2)

Origem e cuidado

Patrocinado

Plantas nativas

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Suprimentos de jardinagem

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Use isto como o padrão geral de plantio para a região: Florestas quentes, úmidas e altamente produtivas - incluindo as florestas tropicais úmidas - com dosséis fechados, estações de crescimento quase o ano todo e a maior biodiversidade terrestre da Terra. A baixa sazonalidade e a alta pluviosidade sustentam uma vegetação densa e estratificada, do dossel ao chão da floresta. Para decisões de jardim, refine pelas restrições de luz, água, solo e tamanho adulto do seu local.

°C

°F

Plantas que aguentam esta região

O Plotwright ainda não tem plantas com bom encaixe climático para esta região. À medida que o catálogo crescer nesta faixa climática, sugestões aparecerão aqui.

Regiões de plantio semelhantes

Explore outras regiões do mesmo bioma. As listas de plantas delas podem sugerir espécies e combinações que vale a pena comparar.

Floresta costeira tropical e dossel de palmeiras na ilha Havelock, nas ilhas Andamão.

RESOLVE 218 - Indomalayan

Andaman Islands rain forests

The Andaman Islands rain forests cover the Andaman archipelago in the eastern Bay of Bengal, most of which forms part of India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with the Coco Islands at the northern end belonging to Myanmar. The vegetation grades from coastal mangroves dominated by the family Rhizophoraceae into inland evergreen and deciduous forests dominated by tall trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae. The climate is tropical and monsoonal, with temperatures generally between 22 and 30 degrees Celsius and annual rainfall of roughly 3,000 to 3,800 millimetres falling mainly in the monsoon season, when cyclonic winds and thunderstorms are common. These islands are a notable storehouse of plant diversity: over 2,500 flowering plant species have been recorded, about 10 percent of them endemic, alongside endemic birds such as the flagship Andaman serpent-eagle, though forest clearing and over-exploitation remain pressing threats. For gardeners drawn to tropical genera, native trees here include Dipterocarpus and the prized Andaman padauk, Pterocarpus dalbergioides.

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

RESOLVE 219 - Indomalayan

Borneo lowland rain forests

The Borneo lowland rain forests blanket most of Borneo below about 1,000 meters elevation, spanning Indonesian Kalimantan, the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, and Brunei. These are classic dipterocarp forests: towering members of the family Dipterocarpaceae form the emergent canopy, with characteristic genera including Shorea, Dipterocarpus, Dryobalanops, Hopea, and Vatica. The climate is stable, wet, and tropical, with rainfall spread through the year and high humidity, and little seasonal temperature variation. Biodiversity here ranks among the richest on Earth, with the island holding the world's greatest dipterocarp diversity (over 260 species, more than 150 of them endemic to Borneo) alongside hundreds of bird species and flagship mammals such as the Bornean orangutan and Sunda clouded leopard. For gardeners, the region is the native home of horticulturally familiar plants, including a wealth of orchids and the fruit-bearing genus Artocarpus (breadfruit and jackfruit).

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

RESOLVE 220 - Indomalayan

Borneo montane rain forests

The Borneo montane rain forests cloak the central mountainous spine of Borneo above roughly 1,000 metres, spanning the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, the Indonesian region of Kalimantan, and Brunei. Rising above the lowland dipterocarp forests, the slopes shift into oak, beech, and chestnut forests of the Fagaceae and Lauraceae, with conifers growing more abundant at higher elevations and Ericaceae-dominated forest, including many Rhododendron species, near the peaks. This is a classic cloud forest: cooler and moister than the lowlands, it receives heavy rainfall and draws additional moisture directly from low clouds, grading from tropical conditions up to alpine zones on summits such as the 4,095-metre Mount Kinabalu. The ecoregion is a stronghold of endemic life, with the Bornean orangutan as its flagship species, twenty-three bird species found nowhere else, and a striking flora of carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants and orchids. Roughly three-quarters of its forest remains relatively intact, with about a quarter under formal protection. For gardeners, it is the wild home of montane Rhododendrons and tropical orchids long prized in cultivation.

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

RESOLVE 222 - Indomalayan

Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests

The Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests blanket the alluvial floodplain of the upper Brahmaputra River, spanning northeastern India (chiefly Assam, with Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland), southern Bhutan, and adjacent Bangladesh. As the name implies, the natural cover is semi-evergreen forest, mixing an evergreen canopy of Syzygium and Cinnamomum with deciduous trees such as Terminalia, Bombax ceiba, and Tetrameles, an understory including Mesua ferrea, and stands of bamboo. The climate is monsoon-driven, with heavy southwest-monsoon rains from June to September that flood the plain and renew its fertile silt, giving way to a cooler, drier winter. Though much of the original forest has been cleared and only a small fraction is protected, the surviving reserves are globally important: Kaziranga National Park holds the world's largest population of greater one-horned rhinoceros, alongside one of India's largest Asian elephant populations, and the golden langur is among the ecoregion's flagship species. For gardeners, several signature trees here, including the red silk-cotton Bombax ceiba and the fragrant-flowered Mesua ferrea, are long-grown as tropical ornamentals.

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

RESOLVE 223 - Indomalayan

Cardamom Mountains rain forests

The Cardamom Mountains rain forests cover the wet evergreen highlands of the Cardamom and Elephant mountains in southwestern Cambodia and southeastern Thailand, extending to Vietnam's Phu Quoc island along the Gulf of Thailand. Forests here grade from lowland and hill evergreen stands into montane forest, where the beech family (Fagaceae) genera Lithocarpus and Castanopsis dominate alongside Lauraceae trees such as Cinnamomum and Litsea, with myrtle-family Syzygium and abundant epiphytic orchids. Rising steeply to over 1,500 meters, the range intercepts moisture-laden monsoon winds and receives very high annual rainfall, exceeding 5,000 millimeters in some valleys. Part of the globally important Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, it is one of Southeast Asia's most species-rich and endemic-rich forests, sheltering Asian elephants, tigers, clouded leopards, endemic chestnut-headed and Siamese partridges, and the critically endangered Siamese crocodile, with much of the range now within Southern Cardamom National Park. For gardeners, native genera such as the aromatic Cinnamomum and the ornamental Syzygium illustrate the region's warm, perpetually humid, frost-free climate.

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

RESOLVE 224 - Indomalayan

Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests

The Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests occupy the lowlands of the Chao Phraya River watershed in central Thailand, a broad floodplain extending roughly 400 km north to south. Historically these wetlands carried tall stands of Dipterocarpus alatus on the higher ground, with screw pine in swampier spots and a matrix of reeds, grasses, and sedges, grading into mangroves toward the estuary. The climate is monsoonal, bringing around 1,400 mm of annual rainfall, with maximum temperatures near 33°C and minimums around 24°C. Almost all of the original swamp forest has been cleared for rice agriculture and cities, including Bangkok, and large mammals such as tigers, Asian elephants, and Javan rhinoceroses have vanished, while Schomburgk's deer is believed extinct. The Lyle's flying fox now serves as a flagship species, and the plain still holds the world's largest populations of the Asian openbill stork.

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

Até onde chega esta ecorregião

Os países, estados dos EUA e províncias do Canadá que esta ecorregião toca, a partir de um cruzamento espacial de seu polígono RESOLVE com os limites da Natural Earth.

Países

Brunei Indonesia Malaysia

Educator packet

Region packet

Borneo peat swamp forests educator packet

As florestas pantanosas de turfa de Borneo se estendem pelas terras baixas costeiras de Borneo, abrangendo o Kalimantan indonésio, o estado malaio de Sarawak e o distrito de Belait de Brunei, formadas atrás de manguezais salobros e agrupadas ao redor dos lagos interiores dos rios Mahakam e Kapuas. Essas florestas crescem sobre turfa ácida e encharcada que pode exceder vinte metros de profundidade, onde condições anaeróbias retardam a decomposição; árvores características do dossel incluem a valiosa madeira ramin (Gonystylus bancanus), Shorea albida, Dactylocladus stenostachys e Dacrydium beccarii, juntamente com mais de trinta espécies de palmeiras. O clima é tropical e monçônico, com encharcamento o ano todo e inundações sazonais. O macaco-narigudo é a espécie-bandeira da ecorregião, que também abriga o orangotango-de-Borneo e o valioso aruanã-asiático (Scleropages formosus), embora seja considerada crítica ou ameaçada, com apenas cerca de 14 por cento protegidos e grande parte da turfa drenada, explorada ou queimada. Para jardineiros, o sub-bosque nativo dos pântanos inclui pândanos ornamentais do gênero Pandanus, cultivados em outros lugares por sua folhagem marcante em tiras.

Realm

Indomalayan

Dominant biome

Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

Approximate area

26,069 square miles

States / provinces

Not recorded

Climate descriptor

Not recorded

Classroom prompts

- Which climate and biome facts explain why this region supports its characteristic plants?

- How do native-plant and wildlife-support claims differ from a species-presence claim?

- Which source-backed facts would you cite before using this region in a classroom map activity?

Use the Sources & citations section below for page citation styles and region source links.

Fontes e citações

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Plotwright. (n.d.). Borneo peat swamp forests (Borneo peat swamp forests). Retrieved 2026, August 20, from https://plotwright.com/regions/resolve-221

Fontes para esta região

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RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)

Estrutura principal de ecorregiões

One Earth

Wikipedia

Wikimedia Foundation

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Guia de fontes