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Mangroves

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Central African mangroves

Bioma

Mangroves

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Reino biogeográfico

Afrotropic

Floresta de manguezal margeando as águas de maré do estuário do rio Wouri perto de Douala, no litoral de Camarões.

Foto da região - Sid Mbog / Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 4.0; attribution required, share-alike.

Central African mangroves

Os manguezais da África Central formam a maior extensão de manguezal da África, orlando a costa atlântica e as fozes dos rios de Gana e Nigéria para o sul, através de Camarões, Guiné Equatorial, Gabão, República Democrática do Congo e Angola, com sua maior extensão no delta do Níger. Essas florestas de maré são dominadas por mangues-vermelhos do gênero Rhizophora (incluindo Rhizophora racemosa e Rhizophora harrisonii), o mangue-preto Avicennia germinans e o mangue-branco Laguncularia racemosa, com árvores que alcançam até 45 metros de altura nas férteis fozes e lagunas. O clima é úmido e tropical onde os mares quentes e as marés altas inundam os rios, tornando-se mais fresco e temperado no sul, com precipitação que abrange um amplo gradiente, de uma média de cerca de 750 mm em Angola a cerca de 6.000 mm em Camarões. Os manguezais abrigam ricas comunidades de ostras, caranguejos, peixes e aves e sustentam o ameaçado peixe-boi-africano e tartarugas como a tartaruga-de-casco-mole-africana, com o cercopiteco-de-sclater reconhecido como espécie-símbolo da ecorregião; no entanto, décadas de derramamentos de petróleo no delta do Níger e o desmatamento para o desenvolvimento urbano e industrial degradaram gravemente o hábitat. A palmeira asiática introduzida Nypa fruticans também se espalhou aqui como invasora.

RESOLVE 111

Afrotropic

11,955 sq mi

Mangroves

Tipo de paisagem

Mangroves

Região vegetal

Afrotropic

Pegada da região

11,955 sq mi

Pressão sobre o habitat

Nature Could Reach Half Protected (Dinerstein NNH 2)

Origem e cuidado

Patrocinado

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Use isto como o padrão geral de plantio para a região: Florestas costeiras de maré de árvores tolerantes ao sal, enraizadas em estuários e litorais abrigados dos trópicos e subtrópicos. Os manguezais protegem as costas das tempestades, armazenam grandes quantidades de carbono e servem de berçário para peixes e mariscos. Para decisões de jardim, refine pelas restrições de luz, água, solo e tamanho adulto do seu local.

°C

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Plantas que aguentam esta região

O Plotwright ainda não tem plantas com bom encaixe climático para esta região. À medida que o catálogo crescer nesta faixa climática, sugestões aparecerão aqui.

Regiões de plantio semelhantes

Explore outras regiões do mesmo bioma. As listas de plantas delas podem sugerir espécies e combinações que vale a pena comparar.

Canal de água no mangue e vegetação de área úmida costeira em Saadani, Tanzânia.

RESOLVE 112 - Afrotropic

East African mangroves

The East African mangroves fringe the Indian Ocean coast of southern Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique, with their most extensive stands concentrated in the Rufiji River Delta of Tanzania and the Zambezi River Delta of Mozambique, where they can reach as far as 50 km inland. These tidal forests are built from salt-tolerant trees including Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, and Xylocarpus granatum, growing as tall as 30 meters in the richest deltas. The climate is governed by the seasonal Northeast and Southeast monsoons and strong coastal currents, with rainfall heaviest in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. Exceptionally productive, the ecoregion acts as a nursery for fish, shrimp, crabs, and molluscs and shelters dugongs, breeding sea turtles, and migratory shorebirds, yet mangroves are among the most critically threatened ecosystems in the world, lost to clearance for aquaculture, salt pans, and farmland as well as rising seas.

RESOLVE 113 - Afrotropic

Guinean mangroves

The Guinean mangroves form a band of coastal mangrove swamp along the rivers and estuaries of West Africa, spanning the shorelines of Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia (with stands reaching into Côte d'Ivoire). The forest is built from salt-tolerant mangrove trees in the genera Rhizophora and Avicennia alongside Laguncularia racemosa and Conocarpus erectus, with the tallest trees reaching about 40 meters to form gallery forests along the creeks while inland fringes give way to grasses, ferns, and other salt-loving plants. The climate is strongly seasonal, alternating wet and dry periods, and rainfall varies enormously across the range, from very dry conditions in the Senegal River delta to some of the wettest coastline in Africa near Sierra Leone. Its flagship animal is the West African manatee, and Guinea-Bissau holds one of the largest populations of this elusive sirenian on the continent. The mangroves are a vital nursery for fish, shrimp, oysters, and waterbirds such as herons, flamingos, and the African spoonbill, but they are increasingly cleared for rice farming, firewood, and coastal development.

RESOLVE 114 - Afrotropic

Madagascar mangroves

The Madagascar mangroves are an Afrotropic coastal ecoregion that fringes the western side of the island nation of Madagascar, lining roughly 1,000 kilometers of the Mozambique Channel coast and reaching its greatest extent in sheltered river estuaries and bays such as Bombetoka Bay at the mouth of the Betsiboka River near Mahajanga. The tidal forests here are built from a familiar set of Indo-Pacific mangrove trees, chiefly Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Ceriops tagal, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, and Lumnitzera racemosa, anchored in silt delivered by the many rivers draining the western lowlands. The climate follows Madagascar's seasonal rhythm, with a cool dry season from May through October and a warm, humid season from November through April. Recognized on the WWF Global 200 list of outstanding ecoregions, these wetlands shelter dugongs, green and hawksbill turtles, and waterbirds including the endemic Madagascar fish-eagle, yet they are under pressure, with a notable share already cleared for timber, charcoal, and farmland.

RESOLVE 115 - Afrotropic

Red Sea mangroves

The Red Sea mangroves are scattered coastal stands fringing the Red Sea across seven countries: Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen. The grey mangrove, Avicennia marina, dominates and typically forms nearly pure, monospecific stands, with Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, and Ceriops tagal appearing only in a few areas. Conditions are harsh: there are no permanent rivers or freshwater inputs, salinity is high, and summer sea-surface temperatures exceed 31 degrees Celsius, while iron-poor carbonate soils stunt the trees to roughly two to three metres tall. Despite the global decline of mangrove ecosystems, this one expanded between 1972 and 2013, notably along the Eritrean coast, and its tangled roots shelter migratory birds and serve as nursery grounds for fish, with the Goliath heron as the ecoregion's flagship species. For gardeners, Avicennia marina is the signature native woody plant of this saline, low-rainfall coastal habitat.

RESOLVE 116 - Afrotropic

Southern Africa mangroves

The Southern Africa mangroves fringe the Indian Ocean shoreline along Mozambique's southernmost coast and the eastern coast of South Africa, marking the most southerly occurrence of mangroves on the African continent. They grow chiefly in sheltered river mouths and estuaries, dominated by salt-tolerant trees such as white mangrove (Avicennia marina), red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata), black mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) and Ceriops tagal, with species diversity increasing northward toward Kosi Bay. The climate is subtropical, and these stands persist unusually far south because the warm Agulhas Current pushes mangrove distribution roughly twenty degrees farther south on Africa's eastern coast than on its western coast. The estuaries shelter rich wildlife, including loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles, fiddler and mud crabs, mudskippers, and the near-endemic mangrove kingfisher, with dozens of bird species breeding among the trees. Around a quarter of the ecoregion is formally protected, though clearing for timber and for urban, industrial and tourist development remains an ongoing threat.

RESOLVE 611 - Neotropic

Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves

The Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves form a vast coastal ecoregion in the Neotropics, fringing the Caribbean shores of Colombia and Venezuela and the Atlantic coasts of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northeastern Brazil, including the Brazilian states of Amapá, Pará, and Maranhão. Shaped by the outflow of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, its tidal wetlands are dominated by salt-tolerant mangroves such as Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia schaueriana, alongside green buttonwood and the familiar red, white, and black mangroves. The climate is equatorial and fully humid, with year-round warmth roughly between 22 and 31 degrees Celsius and abundant rainfall averaging around 2,500 millimetres annually. These constantly flooded forests shelter rich birdlife and wildlife, from the scarlet ibis and American flamingo to giant otters, manatees, and nesting sea turtles, and the ecoregion's flagship is the critically endangered sapphire-bellied hummingbird. Though much of it remains relatively intact, mangrove stands here face mounting pressure from urbanization, pollution, and timber extraction.

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Países

Cameroon Gabon Ghana Nigeria

Educator packet

Region packet

Central African mangroves educator packet

Os manguezais da África Central formam a maior extensão de manguezal da África, orlando a costa atlântica e as fozes dos rios de Gana e Nigéria para o sul, através de Camarões, Guiné Equatorial, Gabão, República Democrática do Congo e Angola, com sua maior extensão no delta do Níger. Essas florestas de maré são dominadas por mangues-vermelhos do gênero Rhizophora (incluindo Rhizophora racemosa e Rhizophora harrisonii), o mangue-preto Avicennia germinans e o mangue-branco Laguncularia racemosa, com árvores que alcançam até 45 metros de altura nas férteis fozes e lagunas. O clima é úmido e tropical onde os mares quentes e as marés altas inundam os rios, tornando-se mais fresco e temperado no sul, com precipitação que abrange um amplo gradiente, de uma média de cerca de 750 mm em Angola a cerca de 6.000 mm em Camarões. Os manguezais abrigam ricas comunidades de ostras, caranguejos, peixes e aves e sustentam o ameaçado peixe-boi-africano e tartarugas como a tartaruga-de-casco-mole-africana, com o cercopiteco-de-sclater reconhecido como espécie-símbolo da ecorregião; no entanto, décadas de derramamentos de petróleo no delta do Níger e o desmatamento para o desenvolvimento urbano e industrial degradaram gravemente o hábitat. A palmeira asiática introduzida Nypa fruticans também se espalhou aqui como invasora.

Realm

Afrotropic

Dominant biome

Mangroves

Approximate area

11,955 square miles

States / provinces

Not recorded

Climate descriptor

Not recorded

Classroom prompts

- Which climate and biome facts explain why this region supports its characteristic plants?

- How do native-plant and wildlife-support claims differ from a species-presence claim?

- Which source-backed facts would you cite before using this region in a classroom map activity?

Use the Sources & citations section below for page citation styles and region source links.

Fontes e citações

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Plotwright. (n.d.). Central African mangroves (Central African mangroves). Retrieved 2026, August 20, from https://plotwright.com/regions/resolve-111

Fontes para esta região

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RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)

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