Wood cranesbill

A drought-hardy western-native subshrub (long known as Zauschneria) that lights up dry, rocky ground with scarlet tubular flowers from midsummer until frost - exactly when migrating and resident hummingbirds need a late-season nectar source. Slender, highly-branched stems carry small grey-green lance-shaped leaves; the whole plant thrives on full sun, lean soil, and very little water once established.

A spring-blooming native bulb of the moist meadows of the Pacific Northwest and northern Rockies, common camas sends up a 2-3 foot scape lined with dozens of star-shaped blue-violet florets that open from the bottom up over basal grass-like leaves. It is the camas whose bulb was a staple food of Indigenous peoples across its range - the genus name comes from the Native American "kamas"/"quamash". The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center flags it as a plant of special value to native bees.

The alumroot of moist, rocky banks, cliffs and rock crevices in the Pacific Northwest and California, from British Columbia south through Washington, Oregon and Idaho: a rosette of rounded, lobed, scalloped leaves, green to reddish-green or purple-green, under tall, airy sprays of tiny white, pink or greenish flowers in late spring and summer. A variable species grown more for its leaves than its flowers, and a possible parent of the purple-leaved garden heucheras.

A tough, clump-forming herbaceous perennial whose common name comes from its bloom habit - each flower opens for a single day, but a well-budded scape opens fresh blooms in succession over weeks. Modern garden daylilies are overwhelmingly hybrids, with more than 60,000 cultivars registered, in nearly every color but true blue. Full-size classics like 'Hyperion' carry fragrant, 4-inch flowers on naked scapes rising to about 3 feet above arching, blade-like foliage; the plants tolerate rabbits, erosion, and urban conditions and ask very little once established.

The classic cottage-garden columbine of Europe, also called granny's bonnet - an airy clump-forming perennial whose ferny blue-green foliage carries nodding, intricately spurred flowers (classically blue-violet, but freely variable in colour and form) in late spring. Native across Europe (POWO, Kew), it is a quintessential cottage plant that self-seeds prolifically and hybridises freely, so it pops up everywhere and named forms rarely come true from seed. It is fairly short-lived - a few years per plant - and leans on that self-sowing to persist. Every part is toxic if eaten, the seeds and roots most of all, so it is decorative only. RHS holds it fully hardy (H7) and has given several Aquilegia vulgaris forms the Award of Garden Merit.

Field scabious (Knautia arvensis) is one of the very best meadow and pollinator perennials: an airy, long-flowering native of European grasslands that carries domed, pincushion-like flowerheads of soft lilac-blue to mauve on slender, branching, wiry stems from summer well into autumn. It grows from a basal rosette and weaves an informal, see-through veil through a wildflower meadow or relaxed border, alive with bees, butterflies, and hoverflies. POWO (Kew) records it as native across Europe and into western Asia, and it is an important forage plant for some declining wild bees in its native range. RHS lists Knautia arvensis as a hardy wildflower-meadow perennial for pollinators and rates it fully hardy (H7) - note that it is its garden relative Knautia macedonica, not this species, that holds the RHS Award of Garden Merit. The honest caveats matter: it self-seeds freely and naturalises in rough grass and meadows (lovely there, but it can look untidy or flop in a tidy formal border, where it is better given support or a relaxed setting). It is drought-tolerant once established and thrives in poor, well-drained, even chalky soil - and it is grown purely as an ornamental, with no edible use.