Spider plant

Common houseleek, or hens-and-chicks (Sempervivum tectorum), is an evergreen alpine succulent that forms tight rosettes of fleshy, pointed leaves, each rosette (the "hen") ringed by smaller offset rosettes (the "chicks") on short runners. Barely a few inches tall, it spreads into a low mat and thrives in the harshest hot, dry, sharply drained spots: gravel, walls, sink gardens, and the tiled roofs it was once planted on. In summer a mature rosette sends up a stout stalk of star-shaped reddish-purple flowers, then that rosette dies, leaving its chicks to carry on. It is one of the toughest, most cold-hardy, most forgiving plants there is, asking only for sun and drainage and resenting nothing so much as wet, rich soil.

Bergenia cordifolia (often treated by botanists as a synonym within B. crassifolia) is a tough, evergreen perennial native to the Altai Mountains, southern Siberia and Mongolia, grown for its bold, heart-shaped leathery leaves that flush red-bronze through winter and its deep pink flower spikes in early-to-mid spring. It is one of the most tolerant groundcovers in cultivation - enduring deep shade, poor soil, drought, and hard continental cold (commonly rated to USDA Zone 3 in US horticulture; RHS rates it H7, hardy below -4°F). The honest catch is its shallowly creeping rhizomes: in mild, moist climates they can colonise well beyond the intended planting, and the large, persistent leaves trap fallen debris and are notoriously attractive to slugs and vine weevils.

A shade-tolerant hosta with glossy foliage and fragrant white late-summer flowers for paths, containers, and woodland edges.

Chionodoxa forbesii (syn. Scilla forbesii) is a small bulbous perennial native to western Turkey - botanically recorded only from Babadağ Mountain in Muğla Province - producing loose racemes of up to 12 star-shaped, sky-blue flowers with white centers on 4 to 6 inches stems in early to mid-spring. It naturalises freely under deciduous trees and in lawns, filling gaps with carpets of colour before most other plants wake from winter, which is its genuine garden gift. The honest catch is its eagerness to spread: it seeds prolifically and the bulbs multiply quickly, so in a small garden or a formal bed it can crowd out neighbours and become hard to contain once established. All parts are toxic if eaten, and the bulbs need a dry summer dormancy or they rot.

The classic florists' gloxinia, a tuberous tropical perennial of the Gesneriaceae native to the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil (POWO, Kew; recorded as Brazilian-native in Flora e Funga do Brasil). It forms a low, neat rosette of soft, velvety leaves above which sit large, showy, bell-shaped flowers in rich violet, red, pink or white, often finished with a contrasting picotee edge. POWO and Flora e Funga do Brasil record Sinningia speciosa as the wild parent of the cultivated florist gloxinia, and that ornamental heritage is exactly how it is grown almost everywhere - as a tender pot or houseplant prized for its plush leaves and velvety trumpet-and-bell flowers. HONESTY: it is very frost-tender, hardy in the ground only in roughly USDA zone 11 and above, and it has a real dormant season - after flowering it dies back to a resting tuber before regrowing, so it is not an evergreen plant but a cyclical one. It is grown purely as an ornamental: no part is eaten. The flowers are insect-pollinated and, in the plant's native Brazilian range, also visited by hummingbirds.

A vigorous tropical climbing and trailing vine grown almost everywhere as an easy-care houseplant, prized for glossy, heart-shaped leaves marbled and streaked with golden-yellow variegation. In the tropics it scrambles up tree trunks by aerial roots and can climb 13 to 40 feet, with juvenile leaves enlarging dramatically as it ascends; indoors, kept in a pot or trailing from a shelf, it stays only inches tall and a few feet long. It tolerates low light and infrequent watering better than almost any other foliage plant, which is why it is a beginner favorite. Native to the Society Islands of French Polynesia and now naturalized across the tropics, it is hardy outdoors only in frost-free climates (roughly USDA 10b-12b) and is an aggressive invasive weed where it escapes. All parts are toxic if chewed or eaten.