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South American Pacific mangroves

Bioma

Mangroves

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Reino biogeográfico

Neotropic

Manglares de raíces zancudas sobre lodo expuesto bajo una colina de selva tropical en la Ensenada de Utria, Choco, Colombia.

Foto de la región - Philipp Weigell / Wikimedia Commons - CC BY 3.0; attribution required.

South American Pacific mangroves

Los manglares del Pacífico sudamericano bordean la costa pacífica de Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, entretejiéndose por estuarios y desembocaduras de ríos a lo largo del litoral neotropical. Su vegetación característica es una mezcla de mangles negro, blanco, rojo y té, con las especies de distribución regional Avicennia tonduzi y Avicennia bicolor presentes aquí; los rodales más meridionales, en los estuarios de Virrilá y Piura, están formados únicamente por mangle negro (Avicennia germinans). El clima es en general ecuatorial y húmedo, pero abarca un gradiente de humedad drástico, desde precipitaciones muy elevadas en el húmedo norte hasta condiciones casi desérticas en la árida región de Piura, en el extremo sur. Estos bosques mareales son un hábitat excepcionalmente rico, que sostiene fauna emblemática como el mapache cangrejero y el pinzón de manglar, en peligro crítico, junto con moluscos como Anadara tuberculosa que las comunidades locales aprovechan. Buena parte de la ecorregión sigue sometida a la presión de la conversión costera, y unas 40.000 hectáreas de manglar ecuatoriano se talaron para estanques camaroneros en la década de 1980 y comienzos de la de 1990 antes de que las pérdidas se estabilizaran.

RESOLVE 615

Neotropic

5,231 sq mi

Mangroves

Tipo de paisaje

Mangroves

Región vegetal

Neotropic

Huella de la región

5,231 sq mi

Presión sobre el hábitat

Nature Could Reach Half Protected (Dinerstein NNH 2)

Origen y cuidado

Patrocinado

Plantas nativas

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Suministros de jardinería

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Usa esto como el patrón general de plantación para la región: Bosques costeros de marea formados por árboles tolerantes a la sal, enraizados en estuarios y litorales resguardados de los trópicos y subtrópicos. Los manglares protegen las costas de las tormentas, almacenan grandes cantidades de carbono y sirven de criadero para peces y mariscos. Para las decisiones de jardín, acota según las restricciones de luz, agua, suelo y tamaño maduro de tu sitio.

°C

°F

Plantas que pueden con esta región

Plotwright aún no tiene plantas con buen ajuste climático para esta región. A medida que el catálogo crezca en esta banda climática, aparecerán sugerencias aquí.

Regiones de plantación similares

Explora otras regiones del mismo bioma. Sus listas de plantas pueden sugerir especies y combinaciones que vale la pena comparar.

Canal bordeado de manglares en el Parque Nacional Morrocoy, Venezuela.

RESOLVE 611 - Neotropic

Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves

The Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves form a vast coastal ecoregion in the Neotropics, fringing the Caribbean shores of Colombia and Venezuela and the Atlantic coasts of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northeastern Brazil, including the Brazilian states of Amapá, Pará, and Maranhão. Shaped by the outflow of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, its tidal wetlands are dominated by salt-tolerant mangroves such as Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia schaueriana, alongside green buttonwood and the familiar red, white, and black mangroves. The climate is equatorial and fully humid, with year-round warmth roughly between 22 and 31 degrees Celsius and abundant rainfall averaging around 2,500 millimetres annually. These constantly flooded forests shelter rich birdlife and wildlife, from the scarlet ibis and American flamingo to giant otters, manatees, and nesting sea turtles, and the ecoregion's flagship is the critically endangered sapphire-bellied hummingbird. Though much of it remains relatively intact, mangrove stands here face mounting pressure from urbanization, pollution, and timber extraction.

RESOLVE 612 - Neotropic

Bahamian-Antillean mangroves

The Bahamian-Antillean mangroves form a Neotropical mangrove ecoregion scattered across the islands of the Caribbean and the western Atlantic, spanning jurisdictions that include Cuba, The Bahamas, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Turks and Caicos, the Cayman Islands, and the US Virgin Islands. Its tidal forests are built from four characteristic salt-tolerant trees: red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), and buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus). The climate is subtropical and strongly hurricane-exposed, with rainfall declining from the wetter northern islands toward the drier south. These shallow-water forests shelter notable wildlife, serving as habitat for West Indian manatees, marine turtles, and American flamingos, with the Northern Bahamian rock iguana recognized as the ecoregion's flagship species. Coastal tourism development and sea-level rise are leading threats, which matters to gardeners because buttonwood (Conocarpus) native here is among the region's hardiest salt- and wind-tolerant coastal plants.

RESOLVE 613 - Neotropic

Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves

The Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves form a chain of disconnected coastal wetlands along the eastern, Caribbean-facing coast of Central America, spanning Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, from Tampico on the Gulf of Mexico south to Panama. The habitat is dominated by red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), and white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), often with button mangrove and associated trees such as Pterocarpus officinalis and the leather fern Acrostichum aureum. The climate is tropical savanna (Köppen Aw) with a pronounced dry season and stable year-round temperatures, and the region is shaped heavily by periodic hurricanes and other extreme weather. These mangroves are recognized as areas of high biodiversity and endemism, sheltering wildlife including Baird's tapir and the flagship hawksbill sea turtle, and roughly 57% of their collective area is under some form of official protection through national parks and biosphere reserves. Among the native associated plants is Pachira aquatica, a freshwater-swamp tree familiar to gardeners well beyond its range.

RESOLVE 614 - Neotropic

Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves

The Northern Mesoamerican Pacific Coast mangroves fringe the lagoons and estuaries of northwestern Mexico, spanning the southern Baja California peninsula (Baja California Sur) and the Gulf of California coasts of Sonora and northern Sinaloa, where they form the northernmost mangroves on the Pacific Coast of North America. The forests are built from the classic neotropical mangrove quartet: red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), and buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus). Sitting in an arid, transitional zone between tropical and temperate seas, the climate is dry with only occasional summer and winter rain, and the nutrient-poor conditions keep many stands stunted, sometimes barely a meter tall. Despite their modest stature, these mangroves are vital nurseries for oysters, crabs, juvenile fish, and invertebrate larvae and shelter birds such as the San Blas jay and purplish-backed jay. The ecoregion is classed as critical or endangered, having lost large areas to coastal development, which makes its remaining tangled, salt-tolerant thickets a conservation priority.

RESOLVE 616 - Neotropic

Southern Atlantic Brazilian mangroves

The Southern Atlantic Brazilian mangroves form a chain of estuarine and brackish tidal forests scattered along the South Atlantic coast of Brazil, reaching from the southeastern shoreline near the Paraíba do Sul estuary south toward Santa Catarina and including the Bahia and Espírito Santo coasts. The canopy is built from the classic Atlantic mangrove trio: red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia), and white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), trees that root in shifting tidal sediments and reach roughly nine to twenty meters tall. The setting is tropical and humid, with rainfall and dry seasons that vary from one stretch of coast to the next. These forests serve as nurseries for fish, crabs, shrimp, and mollusks, host sea turtles and the West Indian manatee, and provide stopover habitat for migratory shorebirds, yet they are pressured by urban expansion, timber cutting, and industrial pollution. For coastal gardeners, the takeaway is ecological rather than ornamental: mangroves are specialized salt-tolerant wetland trees that anchor shorelines rather than border plants for cultivated beds.

RESOLVE 617 - Neotropic

Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves

The Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves trace the Pacific coast of Central America, spanning Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, with its northernmost reach along the Chiapas and Oaxaca coastal plain. These are tidal mangrove forests built from red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove, white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), and button and tea mangroves in shifting assemblages, alongside the water zapotón (Pachira aquatica), with trees reaching up to 25 meters tall. The climate is tropical but uneven across the region, ranging from wet sectors receiving roughly 2,500 to 3,000 mm of rain a year to drier coastal stretches around 1,400 to 1,600 mm with temperatures near 27 to 29 degrees Celsius. The ecoregion shelters notable wildlife including jaguars, tapirs, and crocodiles, and is home to two endemic, endangered birds, the mangrove hummingbird and the yellow-billed cotinga, with a large area protected in Costa Rica by Corcovado National Park. For gardeners, the native Pachira aquatica is widely grown elsewhere as the ornamental "money tree."

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Países

Colombia Ecuador Panama Peru

Educator packet

Region packet

South American Pacific mangroves educator packet

Los manglares del Pacífico sudamericano bordean la costa pacífica de Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, entretejiéndose por estuarios y desembocaduras de ríos a lo largo del litoral neotropical. Su vegetación característica es una mezcla de mangles negro, blanco, rojo y té, con las especies de distribución regional Avicennia tonduzi y Avicennia bicolor presentes aquí; los rodales más meridionales, en los estuarios de Virrilá y Piura, están formados únicamente por mangle negro (Avicennia germinans). El clima es en general ecuatorial y húmedo, pero abarca un gradiente de humedad drástico, desde precipitaciones muy elevadas en el húmedo norte hasta condiciones casi desérticas en la árida región de Piura, en el extremo sur. Estos bosques mareales son un hábitat excepcionalmente rico, que sostiene fauna emblemática como el mapache cangrejero y el pinzón de manglar, en peligro crítico, junto con moluscos como Anadara tuberculosa que las comunidades locales aprovechan. Buena parte de la ecorregión sigue sometida a la presión de la conversión costera, y unas 40.000 hectáreas de manglar ecuatoriano se talaron para estanques camaroneros en la década de 1980 y comienzos de la de 1990 antes de que las pérdidas se estabilizaran.

Realm

Neotropic

Dominant biome

Mangroves

Approximate area

5,231 square miles

States / provinces

Not recorded

Climate descriptor

Not recorded

Classroom prompts

- Which climate and biome facts explain why this region supports its characteristic plants?

- How do native-plant and wildlife-support claims differ from a species-presence claim?

- Which source-backed facts would you cite before using this region in a classroom map activity?

Use the Sources & citations section below for page citation styles and region source links.

Fuentes y citas

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Plotwright. (n.d.). South American Pacific mangroves (South American Pacific mangroves). Retrieved 2026, August 20, from https://plotwright.com/regions/resolve-615

Fuentes para esta región

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RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)

Marco principal de ecorregiones

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