›

Mangroves

›

Sunda Shelf mangroves

Bioma

Mangroves

·

Reino biogeográfico

Indomalayan

Plántulas de mangle sin hojas en una llanura de lodo mareal bajo un promontorio de arenisca boscoso, Parque Nacional de Bako, Sarawak.

Foto de la región - Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE / Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 2.0; attribution required.

Sunda Shelf mangroves

Los manglares de la plataforma de Sunda bordean las costas de Borneo y el este de Sumatra, abarcando Indonesia, Malasia y Brunei en el reino indomalayo. Estos bosques mareales albergan alrededor de 28 especies de árboles de manglar, organizadas en franjas que cambian con la salinidad: Avicennia y Sonneratia colonizan los sedimentos hacia el mar, Rhizophora y Bruguiera ocupan los lodos interiores, y rodales de la palma Nypa fruticans crecen en suelos más dulces río arriba. La costa se encuentra a lo largo del Anillo de Fuego, geológicamente activo, donde los terremotos y la actividad volcánica son frecuentes y los manglares sirven como primera línea de defensa contra la erosión y las marejadas. Los bosques también son un hábitat notable para el mono narigudo (Nasalis larvatus), endémico de los manglares de Borneo y las tierras bajas adyacentes y ausente de Sumatra. Aproximadamente la mitad de los manglares originales permanece, la mayor parte degradada, y la tala, la cría de camarón y el desmonte para agricultura son las principales amenazas. Para los jardineros atraídos por las plantaciones tropicales junto al agua, la palma nipa (Nypa fruticans) está entre los géneros nativos de esta región.

RESOLVE 322

Indomalayan

14,474 sq mi

Mangroves

Tipo de paisaje

Mangroves

Región vegetal

Indomalayan

Huella de la región

14,474 sq mi

Presión sobre el hábitat

Nature Could Reach Half Protected (Dinerstein NNH 2)

Origen y cuidado

Patrocinado

Plantas nativas

Compra la selección de plantas nativas de un vivero.

Encontrar plantas nativas en Burpee ->

Suministros de jardinería

Tierra, mantillo, fertilizante y herramientas para plantarlas y cuidarlas.

Encontrar suministros en Amazon ->

Plotwright puede ganar una comisión por las compras realizadas a través de estos enlaces, sin coste adicional para ti.

Usa esto como el patrón general de plantación para la región: Bosques costeros de marea formados por árboles tolerantes a la sal, enraizados en estuarios y litorales resguardados de los trópicos y subtrópicos. Los manglares protegen las costas de las tormentas, almacenan grandes cantidades de carbono y sirven de criadero para peces y mariscos. Para las decisiones de jardín, acota según las restricciones de luz, agua, suelo y tamaño maduro de tu sitio.

°C

°F

Plantas que pueden con esta región

Plotwright aún no tiene plantas con buen ajuste climático para esta región. A medida que el catálogo crezca en esta banda climática, aparecerán sugerencias aquí.

Regiones de plantación similares

Explora otras regiones del mismo bioma. Sus listas de plantas pueden sugerir especies y combinaciones que vale la pena comparar.

Palmas nipa apiñadas en un canal de marea en el delta del Mekong, Vietnam.

RESOLVE 319 - Indomalayan

Indochina mangroves

The Indochina mangroves fringe the tropical coasts of the Gulf of Thailand across Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and into Malaysia, with their largest surviving stands in the Mekong Delta of southern Vietnam. These are classic tidal mangrove forests shaped by regular flooding with brackish and saltwater, where vegetation sorts itself by salinity: pioneer Avicennia alba lines the open shore, giving way inland to Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera parviflora, while less-salty freshwater zones support Avicennia officinalis, Sonneratia caseolaris, and the palms Nypa fruticans and Phoenix paludosa. The estuarine, or saltwater, crocodile is the flagship species, and the remaining forests shelter rare waterbirds including the lesser adjutant, white-winged wood duck, and spot-billed pelican. Much of this habitat has been lost, however, from wartime defoliation of the Mekong Delta to ongoing conversion into shrimp ponds, so very little of the ecoregion is formally protected. For gardeners, the native mangrove palm Nypa fruticans is a notable horticultural relative of the broader Indomalayan palm flora.

RESOLVE 320 - Indomalayan

Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves

This mangrove ecoregion fringes the Arabian Sea coast of Sindh Province in Pakistan, where the Indus River builds a vast alluvial delta, and extends to the Gulfs of Kutch and Khambhat in Gujarat, India. Its forests are overwhelmingly dominated by the grey or white mangrove (Avicennia marina), a species that tolerates exceptionally high salinity, with red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) and Indian mangrove (Ceriops tagal) appearing on small patches of higher ground. The climate is harsh and arid, swinging from near-freezing winters to summer temperatures around 50 degrees Celsius, with most rain confined to the southwest monsoon between July and September and very high evaporation that keeps the tidal flats intensely saline. These mangroves form one of the world's largest such forests and serve as a critical staging area for tens of thousands of migratory birds, including greater flamingos and the ecoregion's flagship Dalmatian pelican. The habitat faces serious pressure from reduced Indus freshwater flow, pollution and oil spills near Karachi, and cutting for fuelwood and grazing.

RESOLVE 321 - Indomalayan

Myanmar Coast mangroves

The Myanmar Coast mangroves fringe the eastern rim of the Bay of Bengal, spanning Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Malaysia, with the richest concentrations in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) delta and the Rakhine and Tanintharyi coasts. These tidal forests are dominated by classic Indo-Pacific mangrove genera such as Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Sonneratia, Avicennia, and Xylocarpus, alongside the nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) and the mangrove date palm (Phoenix paludosa). The setting is built on alluvial silt deposited by the Ayeyarwady, one of the world's most sediment-laden rivers, whose delta is composed largely of washed-down alluvium. Notably, the ecoregion holds one of the highest mangrove-tree species richnesses of any mangrove region in the Indian Ocean and serves as habitat for the critically endangered four-toed terrapin (Batagur baska), its flagship species. It is also one of Asia's most depleted mangrove areas, heavily reduced by logging and conversion to agriculture, making the surviving forests a conservation priority. For gardeners, the palms native here, the nipa and the mangrove date palm, are striking tropical, salt- and water-tolerant ornamentals.

RESOLVE 323 - Indomalayan

Sundarbans mangroves

The Sundarbans mangroves form the world's largest contiguous mangrove forest, spanning the lower Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta across southern Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. The forest is dominated by the sundri tree (Heritiera fomes), from which it takes its name, alongside other salt-tolerant genera including Avicennia, Sonneratia, Xylocarpus, Bruguiera, Ceriops, and Rhizophora, with the nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) lining its tidal creeks. Its climate is governed by strong monsoons off the Bay of Bengal that deliver heavy rainfall and intense daytime heat, punctuated by destructive cyclones. The ecoregion is the only mangrove system that sustains a viable population of the Bengal tiger, which swims among its islands, and its protected areas are inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Gardeners drawn to its flora will recognize coastal genera such as Sonneratia and the architectural nipa palm, both native to these intertidal forests.

RESOLVE 611 - Neotropic

Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves

The Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves form a vast coastal ecoregion in the Neotropics, fringing the Caribbean shores of Colombia and Venezuela and the Atlantic coasts of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northeastern Brazil, including the Brazilian states of Amapá, Pará, and Maranhão. Shaped by the outflow of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, its tidal wetlands are dominated by salt-tolerant mangroves such as Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia schaueriana, alongside green buttonwood and the familiar red, white, and black mangroves. The climate is equatorial and fully humid, with year-round warmth roughly between 22 and 31 degrees Celsius and abundant rainfall averaging around 2,500 millimetres annually. These constantly flooded forests shelter rich birdlife and wildlife, from the scarlet ibis and American flamingo to giant otters, manatees, and nesting sea turtles, and the ecoregion's flagship is the critically endangered sapphire-bellied hummingbird. Though much of it remains relatively intact, mangrove stands here face mounting pressure from urbanization, pollution, and timber extraction.

RESOLVE 612 - Neotropic

Bahamian-Antillean mangroves

The Bahamian-Antillean mangroves form a Neotropical mangrove ecoregion scattered across the islands of the Caribbean and the western Atlantic, spanning jurisdictions that include Cuba, The Bahamas, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Turks and Caicos, the Cayman Islands, and the US Virgin Islands. Its tidal forests are built from four characteristic salt-tolerant trees: red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), and buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus). The climate is subtropical and strongly hurricane-exposed, with rainfall declining from the wetter northern islands toward the drier south. These shallow-water forests shelter notable wildlife, serving as habitat for West Indian manatees, marine turtles, and American flamingos, with the Northern Bahamian rock iguana recognized as the ecoregion's flagship species. Coastal tourism development and sea-level rise are leading threats, which matters to gardeners because buttonwood (Conocarpus) native here is among the region's hardiest salt- and wind-tolerant coastal plants.

Hasta dónde llega esta ecorregión

Los países, estados de EE. UU. y provincias de Canadá que toca esta ecorregión, a partir de un cruce espacial de su polígono RESOLVE con los límites de Natural Earth.

Países

Indonesia Malaysia

Educator packet

Region packet

Sunda Shelf mangroves educator packet

Los manglares de la plataforma de Sunda bordean las costas de Borneo y el este de Sumatra, abarcando Indonesia, Malasia y Brunei en el reino indomalayo. Estos bosques mareales albergan alrededor de 28 especies de árboles de manglar, organizadas en franjas que cambian con la salinidad: Avicennia y Sonneratia colonizan los sedimentos hacia el mar, Rhizophora y Bruguiera ocupan los lodos interiores, y rodales de la palma Nypa fruticans crecen en suelos más dulces río arriba. La costa se encuentra a lo largo del Anillo de Fuego, geológicamente activo, donde los terremotos y la actividad volcánica son frecuentes y los manglares sirven como primera línea de defensa contra la erosión y las marejadas. Los bosques también son un hábitat notable para el mono narigudo (Nasalis larvatus), endémico de los manglares de Borneo y las tierras bajas adyacentes y ausente de Sumatra. Aproximadamente la mitad de los manglares originales permanece, la mayor parte degradada, y la tala, la cría de camarón y el desmonte para agricultura son las principales amenazas. Para los jardineros atraídos por las plantaciones tropicales junto al agua, la palma nipa (Nypa fruticans) está entre los géneros nativos de esta región.

Realm

Indomalayan

Dominant biome

Mangroves

Approximate area

14,474 square miles

States / provinces

Not recorded

Climate descriptor

Not recorded

Classroom prompts

- Which climate and biome facts explain why this region supports its characteristic plants?

- How do native-plant and wildlife-support claims differ from a species-presence claim?

- Which source-backed facts would you cite before using this region in a classroom map activity?

Use the Sources & citations section below for page citation styles and region source links.

Fuentes y citas

Citar esta página

Para planes de clase, artículos o notas de plantación regionales que usen esta página de Plotwright. Para citar el marco de ecorregiones subyacente o un perfil editorial específico, usa las tarjetas de fuentes de abajo.

Plotwright. (n.d.). Sunda Shelf mangroves (Sunda Shelf mangroves). Retrieved 2026, August 20, from https://plotwright.com/regions/resolve-322

Fuentes para esta región

Esta página cita primero a Plotwright por la vista compilada y luego enumera las páginas de fuentes del marco, el clima y la edición originales para que los lectores puedan citar el material original directamente.

RESOLVE 2017 Terrestrial Ecoregions (Dinerstein et al.)

Marco principal de ecorregiones

One Earth

Wikipedia

Wikimedia Foundation

Abrir fuente

Guía de fuentes