ZZ plant
Zamioculcas zamiifolia
The ZZ plant (Zamioculcas zamiifolia) is a glossy, architectural houseplant grown almost everywhere indoors: upright stems carry ranks of dark-green, waxy, pinnate leaflets rising from a thick, water-storing rhizome, and it is among the toughest, most drought-tolerant houseplants there is. POWO (Kew) gives its native range as eastern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, where it is the only species in its genus; worldwide it is prized as a near-indestructible foliage plant that thrives on neglect and low light. RHS gives it the Award of Garden Merit as an easy, drought-tolerant tender houseplant and rates it frost-tender (H1B, under glass / indoors), so outside USDA zones 10a-12 it is a year-round indoor plant. Because it stores water in its rhizome, the main way to kill it is OVERwatering, which rots the rhizome; it is slow-growing and rarely needs repotting. Be clear-eyed about the cautions: it is toxic to cats, dogs, and people if chewed (insoluble calcium-oxalate crystals), the sap can irritate skin, so wear gloves when handling or dividing it and keep it away from pets, and its much-repeated air-purifying reputation, which traces to a 1989 NASA sealed-chamber study, is overstated and negligible at realistic room densities.
Climate fit: narrow (21/100)
Container
Structure
Light
Part shade
Water
Low water
Mature size
24-36" tall · 18" apart
Hardy in zones
10a-12
mild to frost-free winters
Native in Illinois
No
Toxic, not edible.
Cold hardiness
These values are location-based: this location's current hardiness is the baseline, and the 2050 value is a projected future climate for this same location.
Now
Zone 6b
Plotwright
USDA Zone 6b
-5°F to 0°F
Won't grow here
Zone 7a
Plotwright
0°F to 5°F
Won't grow here
In plain terms: This location has cold winters. Its winters are projected to keep warming through 2050.
✕
Out of range today and still out of range in 2050.
Heat tolerance
Heat tolerance values are location-based too: heat days today are observed at this site, and the 2050 value projects this same location under a future climate.
Loading AHS heat-zone data for this location...
Where this plant fits
Suitable across 17 ecoregions — 11 climate-resilient through 2070 · 6 newly possible by 2070. Best matches first.
Plant this, not that
Better fit for this place
For Chicago, IL, these are replacement suggestions: similar plants with a stronger hardiness fit now and/or in 2050.
Hydrangea macrophylla
Bigleaf hydrangea
A woody, deciduous flowering shrub in the Hydrangeaceae, native to Japan, China, Korea, and Southeast Asia and long grown as the classic "hortensia" or French hydrangea. NC State Extension describes a rounded shrub 3 to 6 feet tall and wide with large opposite, simple, toothed leaves (4-8 inches long) and big rounded mop-head or flat lacecap flower clusters in late spring and summer in white, pink, blue, or purple. Famously, flower color tracks soil chemistry — acidic soils push the blooms blue and alkaline soils turn them pink. It wants protection from hot afternoon sun and steady moisture, making it a mainstay of shaded foundation plantings and woodland borders.
Better fit now and in 2050
Now: well-suited
2050: well-suited
Fargesia murielae
Umbrella bamboo
Umbrella bamboo (Fargesia murielae) is an elegant, hardy, evergreen bamboo that forms a dense fountain of slender, arching canes clothed in small, fine, fluttering leaves, native to China (POWO, Kew). Its single most important garden trait is that it is a CLUMP-FORMER, not a runner: unlike the aggressive running bamboos such as Phyllostachys, which spread by far-reaching underground rhizomes and can invade an entire garden and neighbouring plots, Fargesia stays put and does not run, which makes it a safe, non-invasive bamboo for screens, hedges, and large containers. It is genuinely cold-hardy but prefers shelter from cold, drying winds and some afternoon shade in hot climates. Famously, this species flowered en masse and died back in the 1990s as part of the natural, decades-long gregarious-flowering cycle bamboos go through, and has since re-established from seed. RHS gives Fargesia murielae, and the cultivar 'Simba', its Award of Garden Merit and rates it fully hardy (H5). It is grown as an ornamental and is inedible here, though its shoots are a wild food of giant pandas.
Better fit now and in 2050
Now: well-suited
2050: well-suited
Baptisia australis
Blue false indigo
A long-lived native perennial of central and eastern US woodland borders and prairie meadows with deep blue pea-shaped flowers in late spring, blue-green leguminous foliage, attractive black seed pods for winter interest, and a nitrogen-fixing root system (Fabaceae). Larval host for 6 documented butterfly species per NC State (orange sulphur, clouded sulphur, frosted elfin, eastern tailed-blue, hoary edge, wild indigo duskywing) — among the highest Lep-host-count perennials in the eastern flora.
Better fit now and in 2050
Now: well-suited
2050: well-suited
Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude'
Autumn-joy stonecrop
A clump-forming herbaceous perennial grown for its showy late-season flower heads: masses of tiny star-like flowers borne in flattened cymes 3-6 inches across that emerge rosy pink, deepen to rose-red, and fade to coppery-rust as they die. Gray-green, fleshy, succulent-like leaves form upright clumps to about 2 feet. Easily grown in dry-to-medium, well-drained soil in full sun, it is drought tolerant and attracts butterflies, and its foliage and dead inflorescences persist into winter for added interest.
Better fit now and in 2050
Now: well-suited
2050: well-suited
Similar plants
Browse lateral options with similar roles, light needs, size, or native-range overlap; these are not filtered for a better climate fit.
Strelitzia reginae
Bird of paradise
A clumping, multi-stemmed evergreen perennial from South Africa, grown for its unmistakable crane-head flowers — a horizontal green-and-pink spathe from which bright orange sepals and vivid blue petals emerge like the crest of an exotic bird. Bold, paddle-shaped blue-green leaves on long stalks form a 3-4 foot fountain of foliage. Winter hardy only in USDA zones 10-12 (frost-free subtropics); everywhere colder it is grown as a houseplant or summered-out container plant. It blooms reliably only from a well-established, somewhat crowded clump, so patience is the key to flowers.
Sansevieria trifasciata
Snake plant
A near-indestructible architectural houseplant grown for stiff, upright, sword-shaped, succulent leaves banded in grey-green — yellow-margined in the popular "Laurentii" — and long known as the snake plant or "mother-in-law's tongue". POWO records it as native to tropical West Africa, and its currently accepted botanical name is Dracaena trifasciata (it was reclassified out of Sansevieria), though the nursery trade and most gardeners still know it as Sansevieria. It is famously tough: it tolerates low light, deep shade to bright indirect light, neglect, and irregular watering, which makes it one of the most forgiving plants you can grow indoors. HONESTY: the commonest way to kill it is OVERwatering — soggy soil rots the rhizome — so the real skill is letting the mix dry out between waterings, not watering more. It is toxic to cats and dogs (saponins cause vomiting and diarrhoea if eaten), and the popular "releases oxygen at night and purifies the air" reputation is overstated at realistic room densities. RHS treats it as a tender houseplant (H1B), frost-tender and grown under glass or indoors except in frost-free climates.
Curcuma longa
Turmeric
A tropical rhizomatous herbaceous perennial in the ginger family, grown the world over for the thick branched rhizomes that — boiled, dried, and ground — become the bright yellow-orange spice. The foliage clump rises 3-4 feet in canna-like, pleated, lanceolate-to-elliptic green leaves up to 40 inches long, topped in summer by short dense spikes of pale yellow flowers among pinkish bracts. The flowers are sterile, so the plant is propagated entirely from rhizome division.
Epipremnum aureum
Golden pothos
A vigorous tropical climbing and trailing vine grown almost everywhere as an easy-care houseplant, prized for glossy, heart-shaped leaves marbled and streaked with golden-yellow variegation. In the tropics it scrambles up tree trunks by aerial roots and can climb 13-40 feet, with juvenile leaves enlarging dramatically as it ascends; indoors, kept in a pot or trailing from a shelf, it stays only inches tall and a few feet long. It tolerates low light and infrequent watering better than almost any other foliage plant, which is why it is a beginner favorite. Native to the Society Islands of French Polynesia and now naturalized across the tropics, it is hardy outdoors only in frost-free climates (roughly USDA 10b-12b) and is an aggressive invasive weed where it escapes. All parts are toxic if chewed or eaten.
Monstera deliciosa
Swiss cheese plant
A bold tropical aroid from the rainforests of southern Mexico through Panama, grown almost everywhere outside the frost-free tropics as a foliage houseplant. It is a climbing epiphyte: it sends adventitious aerial roots to scramble up tree trunks, and its huge glossy heart-shaped leaves develop the deep cuts and oval holes (fenestrations) that give it both common names. Mature plants in the tropics flower with a creamy aroid spathe and produce a cone-like fruit that is edible only when fully ripe. Indoors it rarely flowers and is prized purely for its dramatic, architectural foliage.
Agave parryi
Parry's agave
A rosette-forming evergreen succulent native to the grasslands, desert scrub, and pinyon-juniper woodlands of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and northern Mexico at 4,000-8,000 feet. Thick, rigid blue-gray leaves with toothed margins and a one-inch terminal spine form a dense, symmetrical basal rosette to about 2 feet tall by 3 feet wide. Surprisingly cold-hardy for a succulent — reliably hardy to USDA Zone 7 and reported to survive -20F as long as the cold is dry rather than wet. Each rosette flowers only once, after 10-30 years, sending up a single 20-foot stalk before dying and leaving its rooted offsets behind.
Sources & citations
Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or research that uses this page. To cite a single upstream fact instead, use its specific source listed below.
Plotwright. (2026, May 17). ZZ plant (Zamioculcas zamiifolia). Retrieved 2026, June 25, from https://plotwright.com/plants/zamioculcas-zamiifolia
Sources for every fact
Every fact on this page traces to a source. 18 fields cited - 18 source-backed.
Plants of the World Online (POWO)
Botanical research database
Backs 17 fields
Identity
Summary
Plant type
Light
Moisture
Hardiness
Heat zone
Size
Spacing
Habit
Design roles
Seasonal interest
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Designer notes