Coast live oak

The only native oak of British Columbia and Washington and the principal oak of Oregon - a slow-growing, deeply tap-rooted deciduous tree with deeply lobed, rounded-lobe glossy leaves and a broad, rugged, rounded crown. It is the keystone of the Pacific Northwest oak savanna, providing acorns and cover for deer, small mammals, and birds. Notably drought-adapted: it wants dry summer soil and resents irrigation.

The western counterpart of eastern flowering dogwood - a small deciduous tree of the Pacific coast with horizontal, tiered branching and a rounded-to-conical crown. Its showy spring "flowers" are actually a tight central cluster of tiny purple-green true flowers ringed by six large white petal-like bracts (eastern flowering dogwood has four). Elliptic dark green leaves color yellow to orange to red in fall, and the 1/3-inch fruits ripen to showy bright red or orange that feed songbirds, squirrels, and deer.

Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) is the narrowest conifer in western North America and, for most gardens, the wrong tree. It is a timberline species: the US Forest Service silvical account puts its climate at a mean July temperature of 45 to 60°F, with more than 24 inches of precipitation of which much falls as snow, on ground that is frozen or under snow for a large part of the year. Bring it down the mountain into a hot summer, a humid one, or a polluted one and it sulks, thins and dies, and it does so slowly enough that people keep watering it. The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center calls it a spire-like evergreen of 30 to 50 feet with stiff horizontal limbs branched to the ground, and that spire is the whole ornamental argument - a crown so narrow it can be a fifth as wide as it is tall, which is a snow-shedding adaptation rather than a nursery selection. At and above treeline it stops being a tree at all and grows as krummholz, low sprawling mats scoured by wind, and reproduces by LAYERING: a branch pressed into the ground roots and becomes a new stem, so a single tree can leave behind a ring of clones that mountaineers call an atoll. Two honest problems follow it down into cultivation. It is slow and, for a conifer, short-lived and structurally weak - thin bark, persistent dead branches, easily windthrown - and its pest list is serious: balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae), introduced from Europe and the most destructive insect on this species in the Cascades, and the western balsam bark beetle (Dryocoetes confusus), which together with Armillaria root rot drives the mortality complex that has killed subalpine fir across large areas of the Rockies. Like every true fir it carries its cones UPRIGHT on the upper branches, dark purple ripening brown, and those cones never fall whole - they shatter on the tree and leave a bare central spike standing on the branch, which is the single quickest way to tell an Abies from a Picea at a glance.

A Pacific Northwest native small maple of understory + woodland-edge habitats producing rounded palmate leaves with brilliant red-orange fall color + a delicate multi-stemmed shrubby-to-small-tree habit. Native to the Cascade + Coast Range forests; thrives in cool moist Pacific Northwest conditions where eastern maples struggle. Among the most graceful native ornamental small trees for shaded gardens.

A large multi-stemmed native shrub-to-small-tree of western North America, named for the dusty powder-blue drupes that ripen in late summer over a waxy bloom. Flat-topped creamy-white flower cymes up to 10 inches across rise above pinnately compound serrated foliage in early summer, drawing birds and butterflies. The cooked fruit is edible and prized for jelly, pie, and wine, but the plant earns a "high maintenance" note for suckering, wind/snow breakage, and a roster of fungal and insect pests.

The hardiest and largest of the California lilacs - a fast-growing broadleaf-evergreen shrub of the Pacific coast that smothers itself in dense thyrse clusters of pale-to-deep blue flowers in spring. Glossy three-veined, finely toothed dark-green leaves and a billowing shrub habit make it a signature blue mass on West Coast slopes. Drought tolerant once established, it asks for little summer water and resents overwatering; deer and elk browse the foliage and the bloom is a documented draw for native bees.