{"schemaVersion":"0.2.0","identity":{"slug":"opuntia-ficus-indica","canonicalPath":"/plants/opuntia-ficus-indica","botanicalName":"Opuntia ficus-indica","commonName":"Prickly pear (Indian fig)","type":"shrub"},"coldHardiness":{"usdaZones":"8a-11b","plainLanguage":"cold to nearly frost-free winters","bandEdgesCelsius":{"coldFloor":-12.222222222222221,"warmCeiling":10},"rhsEquivalent":{"rating":"H5","summary":"hardy - cold winter"}},"provenance":{"reviewStatus":"source-backed","citationCount":18,"citations":[{"field":"identity","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"summary","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"image","source":"wikimedia-commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Opuntia%20ficus-indica%20in%20Ayia%20Marina%20Chrysochous%2C%20Cyprus.jpg?width=1200","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"plant-type","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"light","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"moisture","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"hardiness","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"heat-zone","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"size","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"spacing","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"habit","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"design-roles","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"seasonal-interest","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"growth-stages","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"lifecycle","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"regional-guidance","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"success-tips","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"designer-notes","source":"efloras","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"}],"sources":[{"label":"eFloras (Flora of North America, Flora of China)","url":"http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415212","license":"Flora treatments © Flora of North America Association / Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria; paraphrased with attribution. 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