Lion's ear (wild dagga)
Leonotis leonurus
Leonotis leonurus, the lion's ear or wild dagga, is a fast-growing, soft-woody evergreen shrub in the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to South Africa, reaching about 1.5–3 m tall with square stems carrying tiered whorls of brilliant orange, tubular two-lipped flowers. In the garden it works as a striking late-season focal shrub or large border plant for hot, dry, full-sun positions and pairs naturally with other South African and Mediterranean-climate planting. It is frost-tender — RHS rates it H2, meaning it tolerates cool conditions down to about 1–5°C but is killed by hard freezes — so outside roughly USDA zone 9b–11 it is grown in containers, as a cut-back tender perennial, or under glass. Note that the dried leaves are mildly psychoactive (containing leonurine and labdane diterpenes) and the plant is regulated in some countries, and high-dose animal studies have shown organ toxicity, so it should not be treated as a food or casually ingested. It can also naturalize and become weedy in frost-free Mediterranean climates such as parts of California, Hawaii and Australia.
Climate fit: narrow (17/100)
Focal point
Border
Structure
Pollinator
Light
Full sun
Water
Low water
Mature size
59-118" tall · 48" apart
Hardy in zones
9b-11
frosty to nearly frost-free winters
Native in Illinois
No
In its native South African range the orange tubular flowers are primarily bird-pollinated — sunbirds (white-bellied, black, olive, collared and others) are drawn to the curved tubes — with honeybees and butterflies as secondary visitors.
Cold hardiness
These values are location-based: this location's current hardiness is the baseline, and the 2050 value is a projected future climate for this same location.
Now
Zone 6b
Plotwright
USDA Zone 6b
-5°F to 0°F
Won't grow here
Zone 7a
Plotwright
0°F to 5°F
Won't grow here
In plain terms: This location has cold winters. Its winters are projected to keep warming through 2050.
✕
Out of range today and still out of range in 2050.
Heat tolerance
Heat tolerance values are location-based too: heat days today are observed at this site, and the 2050 value projects this same location under a future climate.
Loading AHS heat-zone data for this location...
Where this plant fits
Suitable across 25 ecoregions — 18 climate-resilient through 2070 · 7 newly possible by 2070. Best matches first.
Plant this, not that
Better fit for this place
For Chicago, IL, these are replacement suggestions: similar plants with a stronger hardiness fit now and/or in 2050.
Hydrangea quercifolia
Oakleaf hydrangea
A four-season native shrub of the southeastern United States, where NC State Extension notes it grows wild in moist woods and along stream banks. It is an upright, multi-stemmed deciduous shrub, slow-growing to roughly 4-8 feet tall and 4-10 feet wide, named for its large, oak-shaped, lobed dark-green leaves. Showy pyramidal 4-12 inch panicles of creamy-white flowers open from late spring into summer and fade to pink and then tan, while the bold foliage turns wine, orange, and mahogany in fall over peeling cinnamon bark. Easy and low-maintenance in organically rich, well-drained soil, it is grown as a specimen, in masses, or as an informal hedge.
Better fit now and in 2050
Now: well-suited
2050: well-suited
Viburnum opulus
Guelder rose
A large deciduous European-native shrub grown for a three-season show: maple-like lobed leaves that color well in autumn, flat white lacecap flower clusters in late spring, and heavy drooping bunches of translucent red berries that hang on into winter. Each flower head is a showy ring of large sterile outer florets surrounding a fertile center, giving the lacecap its distinctive look. It is one of the best all-round wildlife shrubs you can plant — the open flowers feed hoverflies and bees, and the red fruit feeds birds through the cold months — and it tolerates wet soil, making it a natural choice for hedgerows, damp corners, and wild gardens. Two honest cautions go with it: the raw berries are mildly toxic to people, and this is the European guelder rose, not the North American cranberrybush.
Better fit now and in 2050
Now: well-suited
2050: well-suited
Kolkwitzia amabilis
Beauty bush
A large, vigorous, fountain-shaped deciduous shrub that earns its common name in late spring, when its arching stems are smothered in masses of pale-pink, yellow-throated, bell-shaped flowers. Native to China, it is one of the great old-fashioned spring shrubs — spectacular in full bloom, much loved by bees, and offering peeling brown bark for quiet winter interest. It is also genuinely big: expect 6 to 10 feet tall and wide at maturity, so give it room rather than fighting its size with the shears. The form to seek out is the Award-winning "Pink Cloud", which carries a clearer, richer pink than the variable seed-grown species.
Better fit now and in 2050
Now: well-suited
2050: well-suited
Spiraea thunbergii
Thunberg Spirea
Thunberg spirea is a fine-textured, arching deciduous shrub native to East China and Japan, among the earliest spireas to flower — its slender stems are smothered in clusters of small white flowers in late winter to early spring, often before the narrow willow-like leaves fully emerge. In a sunny, well-drained border it is tough, fast to establish, and carries RHS Award of Garden Merit status. The honest catch is allelopathy: the roots and litter release cis-cinnamoyl glucosides and cis-cinnamic acid, compounds that measurably suppress germination and growth of nearby plants — avoid planting into a densely seeded wildflower mix or close-spacing with shallow-rooted perennials.
Better fit now and in 2050
Now: well-suited
2050: well-suited
Similar plants
Browse lateral options with similar roles, light needs, size, or native-range overlap; these are not filtered for a better climate fit.
Kolkwitzia amabilis
Beauty bush
A large, vigorous, fountain-shaped deciduous shrub that earns its common name in late spring, when its arching stems are smothered in masses of pale-pink, yellow-throated, bell-shaped flowers. Native to China, it is one of the great old-fashioned spring shrubs — spectacular in full bloom, much loved by bees, and offering peeling brown bark for quiet winter interest. It is also genuinely big: expect 6 to 10 feet tall and wide at maturity, so give it room rather than fighting its size with the shears. The form to seek out is the Award-winning "Pink Cloud", which carries a clearer, richer pink than the variable seed-grown species.
Tecoma capensis
Cape honeysuckle
Cape honeysuckle (Tecoma capensis, syn. Tecomaria capensis; Bignoniaceae) is a vigorous, evergreen scrambling shrub native to southern and south-central Africa — from the Cape Provinces north through KwaZulu-Natal, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, DR Congo, and Angola — valued for long, slender orange-to-apricot tubular flowers borne erratically across much of the year and attractive to nectar-feeding sunbirds. It reaches 2–3 m tall and wide as a free-standing mound, or considerably taller trained on a wall or trellis, and has received the RHS Award of Garden Merit. The honest catch is its frost-tenderness (barely survives to about 5°C; RHS H1C, roughly USDA 9b–11) combined with an invasive streak in mild climates: it suckers freely, self-layers, and has naturalised on the Azores and across coastal eastern Australia, so it must only be sited where its spread can be actively managed.
Tecomaria capensis
Cape honeysuckle
Cape honeysuckle (Tecomaria capensis, Bignoniaceae) is a vigorous, evergreen scrambling shrub from southern and south-central Africa, valued for tubular orange-to-apricot flowers borne erratically across much of the year. It reaches about 2-3 m tall and wide as a free-standing shrub, or can be trained much taller on a trellis or wall, and is widely used for informal hedging and as a hot-color border or container plant. It is frost-tender (RHS H1C; roughly USDA 9b-11) — in cooler climates it is grown under glass or as a summer container plant and overwintered indoors. In frost-free, mild climates it can become weedy: it has naturalised and is treated as invasive in parts of Australia and on islands such as the Azores, so site it where suckering and self-layering can be managed. It is not a recognised edible and is not flagged as notably toxic, though several plant parts feature in traditional southern-African medicine; treat it as ornamental rather than for consumption. Note the accepted binomial here is Tecomaria capensis (POWO/GBIF); the widely-seen Tecoma capensis is a synonym.
Viburnum plicatum
Doublefile viburnum
Doublefile viburnum is a deciduous shrub native to China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, grown for its spectacular tiered, horizontal branching draped in flat lacecap flower heads in late spring. It earns its place as a four-season focal point — white flowers in May, blue-black drupes in late summer, and often vivid red-purple autumn colour — but the honest catch is its sheer footprint: mature plants can spread 4–5 m wide with rigidly horizontal branches that resent hard pruning, and the fruit is not edible.
Ribes sanguineum
Flowering Currant
Flowering currant is a deciduous shrub native to the Pacific coast of western North America, from British Columbia south through Washington and Oregon to coastal California (as far south as Santa Barbara County), with a marginal inland presence in Idaho and a southern outpost on Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Its bold dangling racemes of deep-pink to crimson flowers open in early spring, often before the leaves, making it one of the most conspicuous late-winter shrubs in mild gardens. The honest catch is threefold: it is a confirmed alternate host of white pine blister rust (a serious pathogen of five-needled pines), its blue-black berries are edible but notably insipid, and it has become an established invasive weed in New Zealand (where it forms dense stands excluding native species) and is a more minor, localized weed in Tasmania.
Viburnum opulus
Guelder rose
A large deciduous European-native shrub grown for a three-season show: maple-like lobed leaves that color well in autumn, flat white lacecap flower clusters in late spring, and heavy drooping bunches of translucent red berries that hang on into winter. Each flower head is a showy ring of large sterile outer florets surrounding a fertile center, giving the lacecap its distinctive look. It is one of the best all-round wildlife shrubs you can plant — the open flowers feed hoverflies and bees, and the red fruit feeds birds through the cold months — and it tolerates wet soil, making it a natural choice for hedgerows, damp corners, and wild gardens. Two honest cautions go with it: the raw berries are mildly toxic to people, and this is the European guelder rose, not the North American cranberrybush.
Appears in collections
Collection · 6 plants
Warm flowering screen
A colorful warm-climate screen and hedge palette for frost-light gardens: flowering shrubs, scrambling color, wildlife nectar, and dry-season structure.
Educator packet
Plant packet
Lion's ear (wild dagga) educator packet
Leonotis leonurus, the lion's ear or wild dagga, is a fast-growing, soft-woody evergreen shrub in the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to South Africa, reaching about 1.5–3 m tall with square stems carrying tiered whorls of brilliant orange, tubular two-lipped flowers. In the garden it works as a striking late-season focal shrub or large border plant for hot, dry, full-sun positions and pairs naturally with other South African and Mediterranean-climate planting. It is frost-tender — RHS rates it H2, meaning it tolerates cool conditions down to about 1–5°C but is killed by hard freezes — so outside roughly USDA zone 9b–11 it is grown in containers, as a cut-back tender perennial, or under glass. Note that the dried leaves are mildly psychoactive (containing leonurine and labdane diterpenes) and the plant is regulated in some countries, and high-dose animal studies have shown organ toxicity, so it should not be treated as a food or casually ingested. It can also naturalize and become weedy in frost-free Mediterranean climates such as parts of California, Hawaii and Australia.
Scientific name
Leonotis leonurus
Plant type
shrub
Hardiness
9b-11
Light
full-sun
Moisture
low
Spacing
48 inches
Classroom prompts
- Which plant traits are observations, and which are care recommendations?
- How would this plant fit change if the garden location moved warmer, colder, wetter, or drier?
- Which source-backed facts would you cite in a lesson handout?
Use the Sources & citations section below for page citation styles and the field-level source list.
Sources & citations
Cite this page
For lesson plans, articles, or research that uses this page. To cite a single upstream fact instead, use its specific source listed below.
Plotwright. (2026, May 17). Lion's ear (wild dagga) (Leonotis leonurus). Retrieved 2026, June 30, from https://plotwright.com/plants/leonotis-leonurus
Sources for every fact
Every fact on this page traces to a source. 18 fields cited - 18 source-backed.
Wikipedia (ecoregion articles)
Botanical research database
Backs 17 fields
Identity
Summary
Plant type
Light
Moisture
Hardiness
Heat zone
Size
Spacing
Habit
Design roles
Seasonal interest
Growth stages
Lifecycle
Regional guidance
Success tips
Designer notes