{"schemaVersion":"0.2.0","identity":{"slug":"aesculus-pavia","canonicalPath":"/plants/aesculus-pavia","botanicalName":"Aesculus pavia","commonName":"Red buckeye","type":"tree"},"coldHardiness":{"usdaZones":"4a-8b","plainLanguage":"very cold to frosty winters","bandEdgesCelsius":{"coldFloor":-34.44444444444444,"warmCeiling":-6.666666666666667},"rhsEquivalent":{"rating":"H7","summary":"very hardy"}},"provenance":{"reviewStatus":"source-backed","citationCount":18,"citations":[{"field":"identity","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"summary","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"image","source":"wikimedia-commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Red%20Buckeye%20(5753010726).jpg?width=1200","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"plant-type","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"light","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"moisture","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"hardiness","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"heat-zone","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"size","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"spacing","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"habit","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"design-roles","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"seasonal-interest","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"growth-stages","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"lifecycle","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"regional-guidance","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"success-tips","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"},{"field":"designer-notes","source":"nc-state-plant-toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","retrievedAt":"2026-05-17"}],"sources":[{"label":"NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aesculus-pavia/","license":"Curated extension profile; cite and link the specific plant page."},{"label":"Missouri Botanical Garden PlantFinder","url":"https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=281049","license":"Curated horticultural reference; cite and link the specific PlantFinder page."},{"label":"Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)","url":"https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:781619-1","license":"POWO content © Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, CC BY 3.0; cite and link the specific taxon page."},{"label":"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Database","url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=AEPA","license":"Native-plant database content © University of Texas at Austin; factual data is not copyrightable but attribution is required."},{"label":"Wikimedia Commons file page","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Red%20Buckeye%20(5753010726).jpg?width=1200","license":"CC BY 2.0"}]},"sourceability":{"whereToBuy":[],"localInventory":null},"gradingContract":{"fn":"gradePlantFit(usdaZones, placeDerivedZone) -> \"well-suited\" | \"marginal\" | \"wont-grow\" | null","fitGrades":["well-suited","marginal","wont-grow"],"placeInput":"DerivedZone: { zone; zoneDecimal; window; scenario; confidence; spreadHalfZones } - the consumer derives this for the target place.","windows":"now (2025) | mid-century (2055 anchor) | late-century (2085)","scenarios":"ssp126 | ssp370 (default) | ssp585"}}